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A master thesis from Aalborg University

modellering og regulering af et stoker system

[Modeling and Control of a Stoker Firing System]

Author(s)

Term

10. term

Education

Publication year

2008

Submitted on

2008-06-03

Pages

150 pages

Abstract

This report concerns the controlling of a stoker firing system from Benekov/Liagro. The stoker firing system is set at our/the University's disposal by Techno-Matic A/S who normally delivers the controllers to Benekov/Liagro. Two non-linear models of the stoker firing system are derived; one for wood pellets and one for wheat. The non-linear models are based on six first order differential equations which are determined by thermodynamics and laws of physics. The two non-linear models are then verified in \simulink{} with measured data from the plant. The models are linearized using a first order Taylor series so a controller can be designed. The controller is designed from a state space model of the stoker firing system. This state space model is a representation of the linear model on matrix form. The controller designed for the stoker firing system contains two optimal controllers, based on linear quadratic regulator theory - one for each solid fuel. Moreover the controller contains a solid fuel estimator capable of determine the solid fuel combusted. The solid fuel estimator is designed from the two models, Kalman filters and Bayers possibility rule. The three parts of the controller are verified individually in simulations with satisfying results and they are therefore tested on the plant. The simulation of the two optimal controllers is done using the non-linear model as the plant. The performance obtained in simulations is however not reached on the plant therefore the controllers does not fulfill the desired requirements. The three parts are then assembled to one adaptive controller. This controller is then tested on the plant. Due to lack of time resources has it not been possible to obtain a satisfying result for the adaptive controller.

Denne rapport omhandler regulering af et Stoker system fra Benekov/Liagro. Stoker systemet er stillet til rådighed af Techno-Matic A/S, som normalt laver regulatorer til Benekov/Liagro. To ulineære modeller af stoker systemet er udledt, en for træpiller og en for hvede. De ulineære modeller er baseret på seks differential ligninger af første orden, som er bestemt ud fra termodynamik og fysiske love. De to ulineære modeller er verificeret i \simulink{} med måledata fra anlægget. Modellerne er lineariseret ved hjælp af en første ordens Taylor approksimation, så en regulator kan blive designet. Regulatoren er designet ud fra en state space model af stoker systemet. Denne state space model er en fremstilling af den lineære model på matrix form. Den designede regulator for stoker systemet indeholder to optimale regulatorer, som er baseret på lineær kvadratisk regulator teori - en for hvert brændsel. Regulatoren indeholder også en brændsels estimater, som kan bestemme det brændsel der afbrændes. Brændsel kalkulatoren er designet ud fra de to modeller, Kalman filtre og Bayers sandsynlighedsregel. De tre dele i regulatoren er verificeret individuelt i simuleringer med tilfredsstillende resultat og er derfor testet på anlægget. Simulationen af de to optimale regulatorer er lavet med den ulineære model som anlægget. De opnåede resultater i simuleringerne, er ikke opnået på anlægget og derfor kan regulatorerne ikke opfylde de ønsket krav. De tre dele er samlet til en adaptiv regulator. Denne regulator er testet på anlægget. På grund af tidsmangel har det dog ikke været muligt at opnå tilfredsstillende resultater for den adaptive regulator.

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