The main hindrances to the implementation of an effective solid waste management system in Accra and how these can be addressed
Translated title
De væsentligste hindringer for implementering af et effektivt system til håndtering af fast affald i Accra og hvordan disse kan gribes an
Author
Antwi, Stanley Kwakye
Term
10. term
Education
Publication year
2006
Pages
104
Abstract
Specialet undersøger, hvorfor affaldshåndteringen i Accra fortsat er ineffektiv trods nationale politikker, med fokus på kløften mellem den daglige affaldsgenerering (ca. 1.800 tons) og indsamling (ca. 1.200 tons), hvor husstande bidrager mest. Det centrale spørgsmål er, hvilke hindringer der blokerer for implementeringen af et effektivt system, og hvordan disse kan adresseres. Metoderne omfatter gennemgang af politik og litteratur, brug af implementeringsteori (Integrated Implementation Model) og Logical Framework Analysis, feltundersøgelser blandt husstande i planlagte og uplanlagte områder samt interviews med nøgleaktører i relevante institutioner. Resultaterne peger på mangelfuld håndhævelse og begrænset oplysning, lav teknologisk knowhow og utilstrækkelig lovgivning som hovedbarrierer. Anbefalingerne inkluderer uddannelse af affaldsledere og street-level bureaukrater, vedvarende offentlig oplysning via radio, tv og andre medier, lønnet inddragelse af arbejdsløse unge til indsamling i svært tilgængelige områder samt aktiv involvering af husstande i udformning og gennemførelse af politikker for at styrke ejerskab og efterlevelse. Studiet fremhæver, at bedre styringskapacitet og lokalt engagement er afgørende for at lukke indsamlingstabet og mindske sundheds- og miljøpåvirkninger.
This thesis examines why solid waste management in Accra remains ineffective despite national policies, focusing on the gap between daily waste generation (about 1,800 tons) and collection (about 1,200 tons), with households contributing the majority. The core question is which barriers impede the implementation of an effective system and how they can be addressed. Methods include a review of policy and literature, the use of implementation theory (Integrated Implementation Model) and Logical Framework Analysis, a field survey of households in planned and unplanned settlements, and interviews with key actors across relevant institutions. Findings highlight weak enforcement and limited public awareness, low technological know-how, and legislative inadequacies as primary obstacles. Recommendations call for training waste managers and street-level bureaucrats, sustained public education through radio, TV, and other media, paid engagement of unemployed youth to collect waste in hard-to-reach areas, and active household participation in policy design and implementation to foster ownership and compliance. The study underscores that strengthening governance capacity and community involvement is critical to closing the collection gap and reducing health and environmental impacts.
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