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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Nord Stream 2 from the perspective of Visegrad group.

Authors

;

Term

4. term

Publication year

2016

Submitted on

Abstract

This thesis examines why the Visegrad countries (Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary) oppose Nord Stream 2, a planned Russian–German natural gas pipeline across the Baltic Sea that many view as deepening Europe’s dependence on Russian gas and potentially undermining Central and Eastern Europe. The study asks whether their opposition is primarily driven by security concerns or by economic interests and interdependence. Using a qualitative, comparative design framed by two contrasting international relations theories—Realism and Liberal Interdependence—it analyzes official statements and relevant governmental sources, supported by primary and secondary materials and a literature review. Each of the four states is assessed individually, with Russia, Germany, and the European Union considered for context. The findings indicate that while realist considerations explain several aspects of the V4’s critical stance, they do not apply uniformly: in particular, the Czech Republic does not align well with a purely realist account. Overall, Liberal Interdependence provides the most satisfactory explanation of the V4 positions, suggesting that economic linkages and mutual dependence weigh more heavily than security arguments in their opposition to Nord Stream 2.

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvorfor Visegrad-landene (Slovakiet, Tjekkiet, Polen og Ungarn) modsætter sig Nord Stream 2, en planlagt russisk-tysk naturgasledning gennem Østersøen, som af mange opfattes som en fordybelse af Europas afhængighed af russisk gas og en potentiel svækkelse af Central- og Østeuropa. Formålet er at afklare, om modstanden primært er drevet af sikkerhedshensyn eller af økonomiske interesser og indbyrdes afhængighed. Undersøgelsen anvender en kvalitativ, komparativ tilgang med to kontrasterende teoretiske rammer—realisme og liberal interdependens—og bygger på analyser af officielle udtalelser og relevante kilder fra myndigheder samt supplerende primære og sekundære kilder og litteratur. Hver af de fire lande vurderes individuelt, med inddragelse af Rusland, Tyskland og EU som kontekst. Konklusionen er, at selv om realistiske overvejelser forklarer flere aspekter af V4-landenes kritiske holdninger, gælder dette ikke ensartet for alle: særligt Tjekkiet passer ikke klart ind i en realistisk forklaring. Overordnet set synes liberal interdependens bedst at redegøre for V4-landenes positioner, hvilket peger på, at økonomiske hensyn og gensidig afhængighed vejer tungere end sikkerhedsargumenter i deres modstand mod Nord Stream 2.

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