Designing and Evaluating a Head-Up Display with Focus on High Driver Performance for Non-Driving Related Features
Authors
Bjørn, Jeppe Skovby ; Svendsen, Ronnie
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2022
Abstract
This master’s thesis investigates how a head-up display (HUD) can be designed and evaluated to maintain high driver performance when handling non-driving-related tasks such as texting. The motivation is the continued use of hand-held phones while driving despite legal bans and known harms to driving performance. The work comprises two studies. First, a systematic literature review of automotive HMI development and evaluation techniques was conducted: 907 studies were retrieved, and 87 publications from 2005–2021 across four databases were included. Observation emerged as the most common technique, followed by questionnaires, applied research, and interviews, often combined to capture both quantitative and qualitative data; these insights informed our design and evaluation approach. Second, a HUD enabling voice-to-text communication was designed and initially evaluated with eight participants, leading to design refinements. To compare the HUD with a mobile phone, a driving simulator was built (large display, driver’s seat, steering wheel/pedals, Carla simulator software). Sixteen participants followed a lead vehicle and performed two task types with both HUD and phone (read a message; read and reply), each repeated three times per platform. Results showed that using the HUD led to significantly fewer lane crossings, a 3.5-fold lower crash likelihood, reduced subjective workload, and the ability to compose longer messages with the same completion time as on the phone. Overall, the findings suggest that a voice-to-text HUD can support non-driving features while sustaining higher driver performance than a hand-held mobile phone.
Denne masterafhandling undersøger, hvordan et head-up display (HUD) kan designes og evalueres med fokus på høj kørepræstation, når føreren udfører ikke-kørselsrelaterede opgaver som tekstbeskeder. Baggrunden er, at mange bilister stadig bruger håndholdt mobil under kørsel på trods af lovgivning og dokumenterede negative effekter på kørepræstation. Arbejdet består af to studier. Først gennemførtes et systematisk litteraturstudie af udviklings- og evalueringsteknikker for automotive HMI’er: 907 studier blev indsamlet, og 87 publikationer fra 2005–2021 på tværs af fire databaser blev inkluderet. Observation var den mest anvendte teknik, efterfulgt af spørgeskema, anvendt forskning og interview, ofte i kombination for at indsamle både kvantitative og kvalitative data; denne viden informerede design og evaluering af vores løsning. Dernæst blev et HUD til stemme-til-tekst-baseret kommunikation designet og først evalueret med otte deltagere, hvorefter designet blev justeret. For at sammenligne HUD’et med en mobiltelefon blev der opbygget en køresimulator (stor skærm, førersæde, rat/pedaler, Carla-simulatorsoftware). 16 deltagere fulgte et forankørende køretøj og udførte to opgavetyper med både HUD og telefon (læse besked; læse og svare), hver tre gange per platform. Resultaterne viste, at brug af HUD’et gav markant færre vognbanekrydsninger, 3,5 gange lavere sandsynlighed for uheld, lavere subjektiv arbejdsbelastning og mulighed for at skrive længere beskeder med samme opgavetid som på telefonen. Samlet peger resultaterne på, at et stemme-til-tekst-baseret HUD kan understøtte ikke-kørselsrelaterede funktioner med højere kørepræstation end en håndholdt mobiltelefon.
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