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A master's thesis from Aalborg University

Analysis of Wave Propagation in Conical Wind Turbine Tower

Authors

;

Term

4. term

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Abstract

This thesis examines how vibration and sound waves travel through a conical wind turbine tower and how this affects noise radiation. The study combines several methods: the Wave Finite Element Method (WFEM), which is an advanced numerical technique for wave analysis in structures, an energy balance principle, the analytical WKB approximation, and a finite element model built in ANSYS. Based on measurements from an actual tower, two dominant excitation frequencies are identified: 106.25 Hz and 504 Hz. The WFEM implementation is first tested on simpler, idealized shapes (a cylindrical tower and a solid cone) to verify the accuracy of the calculations before it is applied to a more realistic conical shell tower. The analysis focuses on wave mode 0 and shows good agreement between WFEM, WKB, and the full finite element model. Finally, the thesis studies how structural wave propagation influences the noise radiated by the tower, with particular attention to how geometric variations and local structural changes affect wave dispersion and the distribution of vibration amplitude along the tower.

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan vibrationer og lydbølger breder sig i en konisk vindmølletårnskonstruktion, samt hvordan dette påvirker støj. Projektet kombinerer flere metoder: Wave Finite Element Method (WFEM), som er en avanceret beregningsmetode til bølger i strukturer, et energibalanceprincip, den analytiske WKB-approksimation og en numerisk model opbygget i ANSYS. Ud fra målinger på et rigtigt tårn er to dominerende vibrationsfrekvenser identificeret: 106,25 Hz og 504 Hz. WFEM-metoden testes først på enklere, idealiserede geometrier (et cylindrisk tårn og en massiv konus) for at sikre, at beregningerne er korrekte, før den anvendes på et mere realistisk konisk skaltårn. Beregningerne fokuserer på bølgetilstand mode 0 og viser god overensstemmelse mellem WFEM, WKB og den fulde finite element-model. Til sidst analyseres, hvordan bølgeudbredelsen i selve konstruktionen påvirker den støj, som tårnet udsender. Her undersøges især, hvordan tårnets form og lokale ændringer i konstruktionen påvirker både bølgernes spredning og fordelingen af vibrationsstyrke langs tårnet.

[This abstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]