Wind energy in Brazil: an alternative source in the diversification of the energy matrix and its technological innovation stimuli
Author
Lopes Loli Júnior, Joao Ulisses
Term
2. term
Publication year
2013
Submitted on
2013-06-03
Pages
36
Abstract
Denne afhandling undersøger vindenergiens fremkomst i Brasilien som et middel til at diversificere landets energimiks og som drivkraft for teknologisk innovation. Med udgangspunkt i oliekriserne i 1970’erne, tørkeudløste elforsyningskriser i 2000–2002 og den efterfølgende politiske prioritering af vedvarende energi beskriver studiet, hvordan statslige tiltag som PROINFA (fra 2002) og finansiering fra udviklingsbanken BNDES—herunder et lokalt indholdskrav på 60% for mølleleverancer—har skabt rammer for markedsudvikling, tiltrukket internationale producenter og medvirket til, at installeret vindkapacitet steg fra nær nul til ca. 1.600 MW i 2012. Formålet er at belyse den teknologiske udviklingsbane, de institutionelle drivkræfter og barrierer samt at adressere to centrale spørgsmål: i) om branchen kan opnå bæredygtig vækst ud over politisk støtte, og ii) i hvilket omfang der opbygges industrielle, tekniske og sociale kapabiliteter i Brasilien. Analysen er eksplorativ og kombinerer kvantitative data og kvalitative vurderinger inden for to teoretiske rammer: teknologiske innovationssystemer (TIS), med fokus på funktioner og institutioner, og sociotekniske systemer (nicher, regimer og landskab) som narrativt perspektiv på overgangsprocesser. Datagrundlaget omfatter officielle kilder (MME, EPE, Finep, BNDES), branche- og internationale organisationer (Brasiliens vindenergiforening, GWEC, REN21/UNEP). Arbejdet skitserer udviklingen, reguleringsrammen og markedet for vindenergi i Brasilien; egentlige resultater og konklusioner præsenteres ikke i dette uddrag, og der anerkendes tid- og omfangsmæssige begrænsninger.
This thesis examines the rise of wind energy in Brazil as a means to diversify the national electricity mix and as a driver of technological innovation. Framed by the 1970s oil shocks, drought-induced power supply crises in 2000–2002, and the subsequent policy push for renewables, the study describes how policies such as PROINFA (from 2002) and Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) financing—including a 60% local content requirement for turbine supply—have shaped market conditions, attracted international manufacturers, and contributed to installed wind capacity increasing from near zero to about 1,600 MW by 2012. The purpose is to trace the technology’s trajectory, identify institutional drivers and barriers, and address two core questions: i) whether the industry can achieve sustainable growth beyond continued policy support, and ii) whether industrial, technical, and social capabilities are being built in Brazil. The analysis is exploratory and combines quantitative data with qualitative assessment within two theoretical frameworks: Technological Innovation Systems (TIS), focusing on system functions and institutions, and socio-technical systems (niches, regimes, and landscape) as a narrative lens on transition processes. Sources include official documents (MME, EPE, Finep, BNDES), Brazilian wind industry data, and international reports (GWEC, REN21/UNEP). The work outlines the development, regulatory framework, and market for wind energy in Brazil; definitive findings and conclusions are not presented in this excerpt, and time and scope limitations are acknowledged.
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