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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Why did the conflict in Ukraine start? A realist and social-constructivist approach

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2016

Pages

70

Abstract

Internationale relationer påvirker i stigende grad hverdagen, og der pågår en debat om, hvorvidt staters og andre aktørers valg følger de logikker, som akademiske teorier beskriver. Denne afhandling giver et overblik over, hvordan forskellige teoretiske perspektiver kan belyse de seneste begivenheder i og omkring Ukraine. Første del skitserer centrale ændringer i Ukraines politiske system og beslutningsprocesser efter nyere vendepunkter med afsæt i statskundskab. Den fremhæver skift i styring og offentlige holdninger og bruger valgresultater som en indikator for, hvordan præferencer og identiteter har udviklet sig. Analysen sammenligner derefter to hovedtilgange i international politik. Set med realistiske briller tolkes Ruslands adfærd som et forsøg på at opbygge magt og status, mens vestlige stater søger at begrænse denne dagsorden gennem modvægt. Med et konstruktivistisk blik flyttes fokus til normer og værdier: Vestlige aktører udbreder deres værdigrundlag, og der opstår sammenstød, når forskellige identiteter mødes i det internationale system. På tværs af disse perspektiver understreger studiet, at flere teorier kan forklare den samme begivenhedsrække, hver med sit fokus. Afhandlingen konkluderer, at vedvarende interne skel i det ukrainske samfund udgør en central hindring for at løse krisen.

International relations increasingly shape everyday life, and there is ongoing debate about whether the choices of states and other actors follow the logics described by academic theories. This thesis offers an overview of how different theoretical perspectives can help make sense of recent events in and around Ukraine. The first part outlines key changes in Ukraine’s political system and decision-making since recent turning points, drawing on political science. It highlights shifts in governance and public attitudes, using election results as one indicator of how preferences and identities have evolved. The analysis then compares two major approaches in international relations. From a realist perspective, Russia’s behavior is interpreted as a pursuit of power and status, while Western states seek to constrain that agenda through counterbalancing. From a constructivist perspective, the focus is on competing norms and values: Western actors promote their value frameworks, and clashes arise when different identities meet in the international arena. Across these lenses, the study emphasizes that multiple theories can account for the same sequence of events, each illuminating different aspects. It concludes that enduring divisions within Ukrainian society remain a central obstacle to resolving the crisis.

[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]