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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Understanding the multiscalar impacts of Neoliberalism in Mexico: A southern perspective on the deep influences of Neoliberalization processes

Translated title

Understanding the multiscalar impacts of Neoliberalism in Mexico

Author

Term

4. semester

Publication year

2021

Pages

126

Abstract

Meget forskning i byudvikling har fokuseret på, hvordan neoliberalisme – markedsorienterede reformer som privatisering, deregulering og en mindre statslig rolle – ændrer politik, økonomi og byrum. De mest udbredte teorier er dog udviklet med udgangspunkt i Europa og Nordamerika, mens der er mindre viden om, hvordan lignende processer udfolder sig i det Globale Syd, hvor størstedelen af dette århundredes urbanisering finder sted. Dette speciale undersøger, hvordan neoliberalisme har påvirket Mexico gennem mere end fire årtier på flere geografiske niveauer: nationalt, metropolitant (med fokus på Guadalajara Metropolitan Area) og lokalt. Undersøgelsen ser på, hvordan den økonomiske geografi – altså hvor økonomiske aktiviteter placerer sig og flytter sig på tværs af landet – har ændret sig, hvordan neoliberale politikker er blevet omsat til konkrete tiltag på storbyniveau, og hvordan rumlige udtryk for ulighed er opstået lokalt, fx forskelle mellem steder i adgang til job, service og infrastruktur. Resultaterne bekræfter, at neoliberalisering har sat spor på alle disse skalaer i Mexico, og at byerne er blevet strategiske arenaer for at samle og gennemføre neoliberale initiativer. Samtidig viser analysen særlige mønstre, der hænger sammen med Mexicos historiske, kulturelle, økonomiske og sociale kontekst. Specialet peger derfor på behovet for flere empiriske og teoretiske studier af byomdannelse set fra det Globale Syd.

Much urban research has focused on how neoliberalism—market-oriented reforms such as privatization, deregulation, and a reduced role for the state—reshapes politics, economies, and cities. However, most theories have been built from cases in Europe and North America, with less attention to the Global South, where most of this century’s urbanization is taking place. This thesis examines how neoliberalism has influenced Mexico over more than four decades at multiple geographical levels: national, metropolitan (with a focus on the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area), and local. It investigates changes in the country’s economic geography—where economic activities are located and how they shift—how neoliberal policies have been put into practice at the metropolitan scale, and how spatial expressions of inequality have emerged locally, such as differences between places in access to jobs, services, and infrastructure. The findings confirm that neoliberalization is visible at all these scales in Mexico, and that cities have become strategic arenas where various neoliberal initiatives are assembled and implemented. At the same time, the Mexican case shows distinctive patterns rooted in the country’s historical, cultural, economic, and social context. The thesis underscores the need for further empirical and theoretical research from Global South perspectives.

[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]