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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Understanding China’s interests in the Arctic: the road to global economic power. The Arctic as alternative maritime shipping route and energy supplier.

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2016

Submitted on

Abstract

Kinas hurtige økonomiske vækst har næret ambitioner om at blive en global økonomisk magt, men har samtidig skabt sårbarheder: afhængighed af eksport, behov for sikre og korte søveje samt stor import af energi og råmaterialer. Med den tilbagetrækkende havis er Arktis blevet mere tilgængelig for ressourcer og skibsfart, og Kina – der betegner sig selv som en nær-arktisk stat – har intensiveret sin interesse; efter to afslag blev landet i 2013 optaget som permanent observatør i Arktisk Råd. Dette speciale undersøger, i hvilket omfang Kinas strategiske interesser i Arktis kan bidrage til landets opstigning som stormagt. Analysen anvender et mixed-methods design forankret i neorealistisk teori (Waltz’ stormagtsbegreb og Morgenthaus nationalmagt) samt soft power, og ser på Arktis som alternativ maritim rute og som leverandør af energi og råmaterialer, herunder et casestudie af frihandelsaftalen mellem Kina og Island og en gennemgang af Kinas økonomi. Specialet konkluderer, at Kinas arktiske interesser er tæt knyttet til landets økonomiske udvikling og importafhængighed: stærk afhængighed af energi fra Den Persiske Golf og pirateririsici på eksisterende handelsruter gør energi- og maritim transportsikkerhed til centrale drivkræfter for Kinas arktiske engagement og placerer Nordområderne som et muligt element i en strategi til at diversificere ruter og forsyninger for at understøtte landets stormagtsambitioner.

China’s rapid economic expansion has fuelled ambitions to become a global economic power while exposing vulnerabilities: reliance on export-led growth, the need for secure and short sea lanes, and heavy imports of energy and raw materials. As Arctic sea ice recedes, opportunities in resources and navigation have grown, drawing increased Chinese attention; China describes itself as a near-Arctic state and, after two failed bids, was accepted as a permanent observer to the Arctic Council in 2013. This thesis asks to what extent China’s strategic interests in the Arctic may contribute to its rise as a great power. It uses a mixed-methods approach grounded in neorealist theory (Waltz’s great power concept and Morgenthau’s national power) and soft power, examining the Arctic as an alternative maritime shipping route and as a supplier of energy and raw materials, alongside a case study of the Sino-Icelandic Free Trade Agreement and an overview of China’s economy. The study concludes that China’s Arctic interests are closely tied to its economic development and import dependence: heavy reliance on Persian Gulf energy and piracy risks along current sea lanes make energy and maritime transport security central drivers of its Arctic engagement, positioning the High North as a potential component of a strategy to diversify routes and supplies in support of China’s great-power ambitions.

[This summary has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project (PDF)]