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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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The Role of State and Non-State Actors in the EU-China High-Level People-to-People Dialogue

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2019

Abstract

This thesis examines how European and Chinese state and non-state actors engage in the intercultural dialogue institutionalized in the EU–China High-Level People-to-People Dialogue (HPPD), understood as an instrument of public diplomacy and soft power. It aims to assess whether the parties’ contrasting understandings of soft power and approaches to public diplomacy hinder the development of cultural relations under HPPD, and to indicate where differences can be managed and collaborative potential enhanced. The analysis is guided by three questions (where the problem originates, why it matters, and how to address it) and relies on a holistic qualitative documentary method, supported by comparative and historical elements and framed by soft power and new public diplomacy concepts. The study traces the evolution of EU and Chinese official discourses on soft power and public diplomacy and the development of HPPD since 2012. Findings indicate that both actors prioritize culture as a source of soft power and have expanded their public diplomacy and bilateral dialogue, yet diverge in key ways: the EU’s soft power is largely norm-based and its public diplomacy more bottom-up but underfunded and underregulated, while China’s soft power emphasizes cultural heritage and its public diplomacy is government-driven and top-down. These differences make it difficult to build an open, transparent, and trust-based relationship, as HPPD—modeled on new public diplomacy—requires a well-coordinated multi-actor approach with greater autonomy for non-state actors to achieve positive soft power outcomes. The thesis concludes with considerations and suggestions for managing these differences to strengthen cooperation.

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan statslige og ikke-statslige aktører fra EU og Kina engagerer sig i den interkulturelle dialog, der er institutionaliseret i EU-Kina High-Level People-to-People Dialogue (HPPD), set som et redskab for public diplomacy og blød magt. Formålet er at vurdere, om de to parters forskellige forståelser af blød magt og tilgange til public diplomacy hæmmer udviklingen af kulturelle relationer under HPPD, og at pege på, hvor forskellene kan håndteres, og samarbejdspotentialet styrkes. Analysen er styret af tre spørgsmål (hvor kommer problemet fra, hvorfor er det et problem, og hvordan løses det) og bygger på en holistisk kvalitativ dokumentanalyse, understøttet af komparative og historiske elementer samt en begrebsramme baseret på blød magt og ny public diplomacy. Afhandlingen kortlægger udviklingen i EU’s og Kinas officielle diskurser om blød magt og public diplomacy samt HPPD’s udvikling siden 2012. Resultaterne viser, at både EU og Kina tillægger kultur stor betydning som kilde til blød magt og har udbygget deres public diplomacy og partnerskabet i HPPD, men at forståelserne divergerer: EU’s bløde magt er primært normbaseret og public diplomacy er mere bottom-up, men underfinansieret og svagt reguleret, mens Kinas bløde magt i højere grad bygger på kulturarv og public diplomacy er stærkt statsligt drevet top-down. Disse forskelle vanskeliggør en åben og tillidsbaseret relation, fordi HPPD som model for ny public diplomacy forudsætter en bedre koordineret multi-aktør-tilgang med større handlefrihed til ikke-statslige aktører for at opnå positive resultater i form af blød magt. Afhandlingen afslutter med overvejelser og forslag til, hvordan sådanne forskelle kan håndteres for at styrke samarbejdet.

[This apstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]