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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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The modulatory effects of oxytocin on affective and social cognition: A Review and an Empirical Pilot Study

Translated title

The modulatory effects of oxytocin on affective and social cognition

Author

Term

4. term

Education

Publication year

2017

Submitted on

Pages

72

Abstract

Oxytocin (OT) er et hormon, der forbindes med sociale bånd. Dette speciale undersøger, hvordan OT kan påvirke affektiv og social kognition – det vil sige, hvordan vi oplever følelser, genkender andres følelsesudtryk, husker følelsesladede begivenheder og stoler på andre. Arbejdet er struktureret omkring tre spørgsmål. Først beskrives, hvordan et kognitivt-neurovidenskabeligt perspektiv kan udvide forståelsen af affektiv og social kognition ved at give en biologisk forankring. Her gennemgås forskning i emotion, følelsesgenkendelse, tillid og affektiv hukommelse. Dernæst præsenteres en systematiseret litteraturgennemgang af 21 studier af intranasal OT (næsespray) og dens mulige modulering af disse funktioner. Gennemgangen finder ikke en bred konsensus om effekterne. Der er dog en tendens til, at flere studier rapporterer bedre evne til at genkende følelser efter intranasal OT. Nogle studier peger også på øget tillid og bedre evne til præcist at vurdere andres følelser (empatisk nøjagtighed). Til sidst rapporteres et empirisk studie med raske deltagere, der brugte opgaver fra EMOTICOM-testbatteriet (en samling opgaver om følelser og sociale beslutninger) samt en test af affektiv hukommelse. Resultaterne tydede på, at OT kan påvirke affektiv hukommelse, men effekten var på grænsen af statistisk signifikans efter korrektion for flere test (en standardjustering, når mange sammenligninger foretages). Der blev ikke fundet effekter af OT på følelsesgenkendelse eller tillid. I diskussionen fremhæves begrænset viden om oxytocins farmakokinetik (hvordan stoffet optages, fordeles og nedbrydes i kroppen), hvilket skaber metodiske udfordringer i studiedesigns og i tolkningen af resultater. Der gives også en kritisk vurdering af de anvendte EMOTICOM-opgaver. Specialet konkluderer, at OT’s modulering overordnet synes prosocial, men fundene er tvetydige, og der er behov for mere forskning. Som et fremtidigt spor drøftes OT’s mulige rolle som farmakologisk behandling for personer med autismespektrumforstyrrelse.

Oxytocin (OT) is a hormone linked to social bonding. This thesis examines how OT may influence affective and social cognition—that is, how we experience emotions, recognize others’ emotional expressions, remember emotionally charged events, and trust other people. The work is organized around three questions. First, it outlines how a cognitive neuroscience perspective can broaden understanding by providing a biological grounding of affective and social cognition. It reviews research on emotion, emotion recognition, trust, and affective memory. Second, it presents a systematized review of 21 studies on intranasal OT (administered as a nasal spray) and its potential to modulate these functions. The review finds no broad consensus on OT’s effects. However, more studies report improved emotion recognition after intranasal OT, and some studies suggest increases in trust and in empathic accuracy (the ability to accurately judge others’ feelings). Third, it reports an empirical study in healthy participants using tasks from the EMOTICOM test battery (a set of tasks measuring emotion and social decision-making) and an affective memory test. Results indicated that OT may modulate affective memory, but the effect was borderline significant after correction for multiple comparisons (a standard adjustment when many tests are performed). No OT effects were found for emotion recognition or trust. The discussion highlights limited knowledge about OT’s pharmacokinetics (how the body absorbs, distributes, and breaks down the substance), which creates methodological challenges for study design and interpretation. It also offers a critical appraisal of the EMOTICOM tasks used. The thesis concludes that OT’s modulatory effects appear prosocial overall, but findings are equivocal and further research is needed. As a future direction, the potential of OT as a pharmacological treatment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder is outlined.

[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]