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A master's thesis from Aalborg University

The Interaction between the seed bug Nysius groenlandicus and Arctic plant seeds across a climate gradient

Author

Term

4. term

Education

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Abstract

Arctic ecosystems are changing rapidly due to climate change, but we still know relatively little about how plants and insects interact in these regions. This thesis examines the relationship between the seed bug Nysius groenlandicus and its host plants along a climate gradient (areas with different temperature and environmental conditions). I investigated what the seed bug prefers to eat using experiments where the insects were either given a choice between different seeds (choice assays) or only one type of seed (no-choice assays) at different temperatures. The time the seed bugs spent feeding changed with both temperature and seed species, indicating that their seed preferences shift as temperature changes. I also analysed the nutritional composition of both N. groenlandicus and seeds from three Arctic plant species: Bistorta vivipara, Dryas integrifolia and Silene acaulis. The amounts of protein, carbohydrates and lipids in the seeds differed between plant species, temperature treatments and habitats. This suggests that both plant nutritional quality and local environmental conditions can influence the nutritional composition of the seed bugs themselves. In addition, I studied how seed germination was affected by feeding by the seed bug. The impact on germination varied with plant species, collection site and how long the bugs had fed on the seeds. For S. acaulis, germination generally increased after exposure to N. groenlandicus, suggesting that feeding may promote germination in some species. D. integrifolia showed overall low germination, but the duration of feeding had a clear effect on how many seeds germinated. For B. vivipara, germination responses differed between locations and depended on the length of feeding, indicating that local environmental conditions are important. Overall, this thesis shows that the interaction between N. groenlandicus and Arctic plant seeds is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature and habitat, and that the effects are species specific. Further research is needed to fully understand this Arctic plant–insect interaction in a changing climate.

Arktiske økosystemer ændrer sig hurtigt på grund af klimaændringer, men vi ved stadig relativt lidt om, hvordan planter og insekter påvirker hinanden i disse områder. Denne afhandling undersøger samspillet mellem frøtægen Nysius groenlandicus og dens værtsplanter langs en klimagradient (områder med forskellige temperatur- og miljøforhold). Jeg undersøgte, hvad frøtægen foretrækker at spise, ved hjælp af forsøg hvor insekterne enten fik valgmuligheder mellem forskellige frø (choice assays) eller kun én frøtype (no-choice assays) ved forskellige temperaturer. Resultaterne viste, at den tid, frøtægen brugte på at spise, ændrede sig både med temperaturen og med frøarten. Det tyder på, at frøtægens frøpræferencer ændrer sig, når temperaturen ændrer sig. Jeg analyserede også næringsindholdet i både N. groenlandicus og frø fra tre arktiske plantearter: Bistorta vivipara, Dryas integrifolia og Silene acaulis. Indholdet af protein, kulhydrat og fedtstoffer i frøene varierede mellem plantearter, temperaturbehandlinger og voksesteder. Dette tyder på, at både planternes næringssammensætning og de lokale miljøforhold kan påvirke frøtægens egen næringssammensætning. Derudover undersøgte jeg, hvordan frøenes spireevne blev påvirket af frøtægens fødesøgning. Effekten på spiringen varierede med planteart, indsamlingssted og hvor længe frøtægen havde spist på frøene. For S. acaulis steg spiringen generelt efter eksponering for N. groenlandicus, hvilket tyder på, at frøtægens fødeindtag i nogle tilfælde kan fremme spiring. D. integrifolia havde generelt lav spiring, men her havde varigheden af frøtægens fødesøgning en tydelig betydning for, hvor mange frø der spirede. For B. vivipara var spireevnen forskellig mellem lokaliteter og afhængig af, hvor længe frøene var blevet udsat for frøtægens fødesøgning, hvilket tyder på, at lokale miljøforhold spiller en vigtig rolle. Samlet set viser afhandlingen, at samspillet mellem N. groenlandicus og arktiske plantefrø er følsomt over for miljøforhold som temperatur og levested, og at effekterne kan være arts-specifikke. Der er behov for yderligere forskning for fuldt ud at forstå denne arktiske plante–insekt-interaktion i et klima i forandring.

[This abstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]