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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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The Importance of the Chinese Cultural Values of Guanxi, Renqing and Mianzi, and the Thirty-six stratagems in International Negotiations: the Danish Perspective

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2015

Submitted on

Abstract

Kinas imponerende økonomiske vækst og store marked tiltrækker stadig flere udenlandske virksomheder – også danske. Samtidig udvider kinesiske iværksættere deres aktiviteter i udlandet, herunder i Danmark. Det fører til flere forretningsmøder på tværs af kulturer, hvor forhandlinger spiller en central rolle. I internationale forhandlinger er opmærksomhed på kulturelle forskelle vigtig, men kultur er ikke statisk. Kinas åbning mod verden og mødet med udenlandske virksomheder og livsstile kan ændre vægtningen af traditionelle værdier. Denne afhandling undersøger, hvilken betydning nogle ofte nævnte kinesiske kulturelle værdier har i nutidige dansk‑kinesiske forhandlinger: guanxi (personlige netværk og gensidige forpligtelser), renqing (sociale hensyn og udveksling af tjenester), mianzi (at bevare ansigt og omdømme) samt de seksogtredive strategemer (klassiske strategiske kneb). Med udgangspunkt i de deltagende virksomheder viser studiet, at guanxi og renqing ikke spiller nogen afgørende rolle, mens mianzi fortsat er vigtig og håndteres med forsigtighed i forhandlingerne. Samtidig peger resultaterne på en faldende betydning af de seksogtredive strategemer i forhandlinger med kinesiske parter. Samlet set tyder fundene på, at nogle stereotype kulturelle forventninger fylder mindre end tidligere, mens hensynet til at bevare ansigt stadig har stor praktisk betydning i dansk‑kinesiske forhandlingssituationer.

China’s impressive economic growth and vast market are drawing more foreign companies, including from Denmark. At the same time, Chinese entrepreneurs are expanding abroad, Denmark included. This leads to more cross‑cultural business interactions in which negotiation is crucial. In international negotiations, cultural differences matter, but culture is not static. China’s opening to the world and exposure to foreign firms and lifestyles may be changing the weight of traditional values. This thesis examines how several commonly cited Chinese cultural values influence today’s Sino‑Danish negotiations: guanxi (personal networks and mutual obligations), renqing (social reciprocity and exchange of favors), mianzi (saving face and protecting reputation), and the Thirty‑Six Stratagems (classical strategic ploys). Based on the participating companies, the study finds that guanxi and renqing are not of significant importance, whereas mianzi remains important and is handled with caution during negotiations. It also shows a decreased importance of the Thirty‑Six Stratagems in negotiations with Chinese counterparts. Overall, the findings suggest that some stereotypical expectations carry less weight than before, while attention to face continues to matter in Sino‑Danish business negotiations.

[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]