The Impact of Tourism Development on the Reduction of Multidimensional Poverty in Nepal
Authors
Thebe, Sanjeev ; Gurung, Bijaya ; Limbu, Santosh
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2024
Submitted on
2024-05-31
Pages
138
Abstract
Tourism is often promoted as a pathway out of poverty, yet evidence typically focuses on income alone. This study examines whether and how tourism development contributes to reducing multidimensional poverty in Nepal across economic, educational, and socio-cultural domains, income equality, women’s empowerment, and oppression awareness. Guided by Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, Social Exchange Theory, and Human Capital Theory, six hypotheses were tested using a positivist, deductive, quantitative online survey of 392 residents in Nepal recruited via snowball sampling; data were analyzed in Excel and SPSS with correlation, multiple linear regression, and reliability testing (Cronbach’s alpha). Findings indicate a complex relationship in which tourism-related initiatives are positively and significantly associated with lower multidimensional poverty, with the strongest effect through oppression awareness (B=0.47, P=0.00), followed by socio-cultural settings (B=0.32, P=0.00), income equality (B=0.135, P=0.00), and economic aspects (B=0.132, P=0.00). Oppression awareness is also strongly correlated with women’s empowerment (r=0.842), suggesting that efforts to reduce oppression can enhance empowerment. The study acknowledges potential social desirability bias in responses and highlights the nuanced links between tourism development and poverty reduction in Nepal.
Turisme bliver ofte fremhævet som en vej ud af fattigdom, men evidens fokuserer typisk kun på indkomst. Dette studie undersøger, om og hvordan turismeudvikling bidrager til at reducere multidimensionel fattigdom i Nepal på tværs af økonomiske, uddannelsesmæssige og socio-kulturelle forhold, indkomstlighed, kvinders empowerment og bevidsthed om undertrykkelse. Med udgangspunkt i Amartya Sens kapabilitetstilgang, social udvekslingsteori og humankapitalteori formulerede vi seks hypoteser og gennemførte en positivistisk, deduktiv og kvantitativ spørgeskemaundersøgelse blandt 392 beboere i Nepal via online spørgeskema og sneboldsampling; data blev analyseret i Excel og SPSS med korrelation, multiple lineær regression og pålidelighedstest (Cronbachs alfa). Resultaterne peger på en kompleks sammenhæng, hvor turismerelaterede initiativer er positivt og signifikant forbundet med lavere multidimensionel fattigdom, stærkest via bevidsthed om undertrykkelse (B=0,47; P=0,00), efterfulgt af socio-kulturelle forhold (B=0,32; P=0,00), indkomstlighed (B=0,135; P=0,00) og økonomiske aspekter (B=0,132; P=0,00). Bevidsthed om undertrykkelse er desuden stærkt korreleret med kvinders empowerment (r=0,842), hvilket antyder, at initiativer der mindsker undertrykkelse kan styrke empowerment. Studiet anerkender mulig social ønskværdighedsbias i besvarelserne og fremhæver de nuancerede forbindelser mellem turismeudvikling og fattigdomsreduktion i Nepal.
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