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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


The Geopolitical Strategies of Putin's Russia: Case studies of Ukraine and Syria

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2016

Submitted on

Pages

41

Abstract

This thesis examines the geopolitical strategies pursued by Russia under Vladimir Putin and the forces that have shaped them. Using neoclassical realism as the theoretical lens, it links international power structures with leaders’ perceptions and domestic constraints. Methodologically, the study draws on a diverse set of American, European, and Russian sources (including political science works, foreign policy analyses, and Putin’s speeches) and applies two case studies: Ukraine as part of Russia’s near abroad and Syria as a test of Russia’s renewed great-power role in the Middle East. The analysis reviews Putin’s view of the state, efforts to secure territorial integrity (including in Chechnya), and the confrontation with oligarchs as part of economic recovery. In foreign policy, it outlines plans for Eurasian integration and the 2007 Munich speech, and discusses the color revolutions in the post-Soviet space. In the Ukraine case, the thesis argues that Western influence and EU/NATO integration are perceived as a containment of Russia, contributing to the conflict; in the Syria case, it highlights aims to resist regime change, combat militant Islamism, and preserve regional balance. It concludes that Putin’s regional strategy is best understood as responsive and defensive toward a U.S.-led unipolar order, while Russia seeks to advance a multipolar system through regional cooperation (including with China) and Eurasian integration.

Dette speciale undersøger, hvilke geopolitiske strategier Rusland forfølger under Vladimir Putins styre, og hvilke drivkræfter der har formet dem. Med neoklassisk realisme som teoretisk ramme kobles internationale magtforhold med lederes opfattelser og indenlandske forhold. Metodisk bygger analysen på et bredt udvalg af amerikanske, europæiske og russiske kilder (bl.a. politologiske værker, udenrigspolitiske analyser og Putins taler) og anvender to casestudier: Ukraine som del af det nære udland og Syrien som eksempel på Ruslands genindtræden som stormagt i Mellemøsten. Specialet behandler Putins syn på statens rolle, bestræbelser på at sikre territorial integritet (bl.a. i Tjetjenien) og opgøret med oligarkerne i forbindelse med den økonomiske genopretning. Udenrigspolitisk præsenteres planerne for eurasisk integration og München-talen fra 2007, samt diskussioner af farverevolutionerne i det postsovjetiske rum. I Ukraine-casen argumenteres der for, at vestlig indflydelse og integration i EU/NATO opfattes som en inddæmning af Rusland, hvilket bidrager til konflikten; i Syrien-casen fremhæves ønsket om at modvirke regimeskifte, bekæmpe militant islamisme og bevare magtbalancen i regionen. Konklusionen er, at Putins regionale strategi overvejende tolkes som responsiv og defensiv over for en USA-ledet unipolar orden, mens Rusland søger at fremme en multipolær verdensorden gennem regionalt samarbejde (bl.a. med Kina) og eurasisk integration.

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