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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


The Erosion of the Liberal International Order and the Politics of a Shrinking Humanitarian Space: A Discourse Analysis of the Humanitarian Space in Cox's Bazar

Authors

;

Term

4. semester

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Pages

93

Abstract

Cox’s Bazar now hosts over 1.2 million Rohingya refugees fleeing persecution and genocide. This thesis examines the “humanitarian space”—the arena where aid is organized and delivered—as both part of the global liberal international order and as local, everyday interactions. It questions the assumption that neutrality, impartiality, and humanity universally define this space, arguing these principles reflect a specific liberal worldview that is weakening internationally. The study asks how political and humanitarian actors currently shape and limit humanitarian space in Cox’s Bazar. Using a Foucauldian approach to discourse—focusing on how language and power shape practice—it draws on nine interviews with international and local humanitarian NGOs. The analysis looks at three political domains: securitisation (framing refugees and aid as security issues and increasing control), localisation (shifting power to local actors), and development (linking humanitarian aid to longer-term change). Findings show that humanitarian space in Cox’s Bazar is highly contested by ideational (idea-driven) humanitarian actors and by the Bangladeshi government’s security-focused policies toward the Rohingya. As a result, humanitarian care and relief are partially constrained, particularly by security concerns.

Cox’s Bazar huser nu over 1,2 mio. Rohingya-flygtninge, der flygter fra forfølgelse og folkedrab. Afhandlingen undersøger det “humanitære rum”—den arena, hvor hjælp organiseres og leveres—både som del af den globale liberale internationale orden og som lokale hverdagsinteraktioner. Den problematiserer antagelsen om, at neutralitet, upartiskhed og humanitet universelt definerer dette rum, og peger på, at disse principper udspringer af en bestemt liberal idéverden, som er under erosion internationalt. Studiet spørger derfor, hvordan politiske og humanitære aktører i dag afgrænser og konstruerer det humanitære rum i Cox’s Bazar. Med en foucauldiansk tilgang til diskurs—altså fokus på, hvordan sprog og magt former praksis—bygger undersøgelsen på ni interviews med internationale og lokale humanitære NGO’er. Analysen ser på tre politiske domæner: securitisering (at gøre flygtninge og hjælp til sikkerhedsproblemer og øge kontrol), lokalisering (at flytte magt til lokale aktører) og udvikling (at koble nødhjælp til langsigtede forandringer). Resultaterne viser, at det humanitære rum i Cox’s Bazar er stærkt omstridt af idébårne humanitære aktører (drevet af bestemte idéer og normer) og af Bangladeshs regerings sikkerhedsorienterede politik over for Rohingyaerne. Det betyder, at humanitær omsorg og hjælp delvist begrænses, særligt af sikkerhedshensyn.

[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]