The electric car is changing the infrastructure - What is the smartest solution and what kind of networks is created around the different standards?: What is the smartest solution and what kind of networks is created around the different standards?

The electric car is changing the infrastructure - What is the smartest solution and what kind of networks is created around the different standards?: Hvad er den smarteste løsning og hvilke netværk skabes der omkring de forskellige stik standarter?

Pehrson, Kristoffer Fredslund

4. term

Techno-Anthropology, Master

2018

2018-09-13

73

I denne kandidatafhandling undersøger jeg, hvordan ladeinfrastrukturen til elbiler ser ud i dag, og hvordan den kan udvikle sig fremover. Tidligt i arbejdet blev det tydeligt, at der er en slags formatkrig mellem den japanske CHAdeMO og den europæiske CCS Combo – to forskellige standarder for hurtigladning. Jeg sammenligner fordele og ulemper ved de to stikstandarder og bruger Actor-Network Theory (ANT), en sociologisk tilgang, til at se på, hvilke netværk der dannes omkring hver standard. CHAdeMO har den tekniske fordel, at bilen både kan lade og levere strøm tilbage til elnettet, hvilket åbner muligheder for at indgå i det bredere energisystem. Omvendt kan CCS Combo lade markant hurtigere og har et stærkt netværk i Europa. Tesla kører samtidig sit eget spor med en egen standard og ambition om et mere lukket netværk, hvor Teslas solpaneler kan levere strøm direkte til bilen eller til et Tesla-batteri i hjemmet. Det viste sig, at det var svært for kunder at betale for opladning, især når de rejste uden for Danmarks grænser. Derfor behandler jeg også betalingsløsninger i analysen og drøfter, om der er behov for en fælles standard. Grundlaget for afhandlingen er bl.a. fire interviews med eksperter: fra Forenede Danske Motorejere, Dansk Elbil Alliance, Forenede Danske Elbilister og Clever. Interviewsne gav adgang til viden, der endnu ikke findes i bøger og artikler, særligt om forhold, der rækker ind i fremtiden.

This thesis examines the current and future landscape of charging infrastructure for electric cars. Early on, a format war emerged between the Japanese CHAdeMO and the European CCS Combo—two different fast-charging plug standards. I compare their pros and cons and, using Actor–Network Theory (ANT), explore the kinds of networks that form around each standard. CHAdeMO offers the technical advantage that a car can both charge and send power back to the electricity grid, opening possibilities to connect with the wider energy system. By contrast, CCS Combo enables significantly faster charging and benefits from a strong network in Europe. At the same time, Tesla operates its own standard and aims for a more closed ecosystem in which Tesla solar panels can supply power directly to the car or to a Tesla home battery. Paying for charging proved difficult for customers, especially when traveling outside Denmark. I therefore also analyze payment solutions and consider whether a common standard is needed. The study draws on four interviews with experts—from Forenede Danske Motorejere, the Dansk Elbil Alliance, Forenede Danske Elbilister, and Clever—which provided insights not yet captured in books or articles, particularly regarding future developments.

[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]

elbiler ; infrastruktur ; ANT

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