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A master's thesis from Aalborg University

Terrorism: The Boko Haram Phenomenon in Nigeria

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2012

Pages

70

Abstract

This thesis examines the Boko Haram phenomenon in Nigeria and asks why a movement that began as a religious community evolved into a violent terrorist organization. Motivated by attacks such as the 2011 bombing of the United Nations headquarters in Abuja, the study evaluates prevalent explanations that emphasize poverty, inequality, injustice, and lack of civil liberties. Using a mixed-methods design that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis and engages scholarship on political contention and religious fundamentalism, the thesis traces Boko Haram’s historical development, leadership changes, ideology, and patterns of violence. The findings indicate that while socio-economic hardship and governance deficits may shape the conflict environment, they are not sufficient or primary causes of the insurgency; rather, a deep-seated ideological project rooted in Islamic fundamentalism is central to understanding the group’s turn to terrorism. The thesis thus clarifies the key drivers behind Boko Haram’s trajectory.

Dette speciale undersøger Boko Haram-fænomenet i Nigeria og spørger, hvorfor en bevægelse, der begyndte som et religiøst fællesskab, udviklede sig til en voldelig terrororganisation. Med afsæt i angreb som bombningen af FN’s hovedkvarter i Abuja i 2011 vurderer studiet de mest udbredte forklaringer, herunder fattigdom, ulighed, uretfærdighed og mangel på borgerlige frihedsrettigheder. Gennem et mixed-methods design, der kombinerer kvantitativ og kvalitativ analyse og trækker på litteratur om politisk konflikt og religiøs fundamentalisme, belyser specialet Boko Harams historiske udvikling, lederskift, ideologi og voldsmønstre. Resultaterne peger på, at socioøkonomiske problemer og styringssvagheder kan bidrage til konfliktmiljøet, men ikke er de tilstrækkelige eller primære årsager til oprøret; derimod er et dybt ideologisk projekt rodfæstet i islamisk fundamentalisme centralt for at forstå bevægelsens overgang til terror. Specialet præciserer dermed de vigtigste drivkræfter bag gruppens udvikling.

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