Techno-economic Assessment of BESS Operation in a Grid-Connected Energy Park
Author
Masedo Arana, Ignacio
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2026
Submitted on
2026-05-28
Pages
89
Abstract
As more electricity comes from solar and wind, grid operation faces new challenges due to variability, forecast errors, and limits at the point of connection (POC). This thesis examines a grid-connected hybrid energy park in Spain that combines solar PV, wind power, a data center load, and a battery energy storage system (BESS), all linked at the same POC. The aim is to build a realistic battery operation model and use it to assess technical operation, expected battery lifetime, and a simplified economic outcome. The system is simulated for one year with 15-minute time steps. An energy management system (EMS) creates a day-ahead plan based on forecasts and applies real-time corrections based on actual measurements. Two EMS strategies are compared: a Standard EMS focused on following the planned schedule (schedule tracking), and an SOC-band EMS that seeks a smoother battery state of charge (SOC). Multiple combinations of battery power and energy capacity are tested. Results show there is no single best battery size or EMS strategy. The Standard EMS generally improves schedule tracking and annual costs, while the SOC-band EMS improves SOC behavior and the estimated lifetime. Increasing power capacity yields only limited additional benefits beyond a mid-range, and the timing of AI-related load peaks in the data center affects battery operation.
Når en stor del af strømmen kommer fra sol og vind, bliver driften af elnettet mere udfordrende på grund af variationer, prognosefejl og begrænsninger i tilslutningspunktet (POC). Denne afhandling undersøger en nettilsluttet hybrid energipark i Spanien bestående af solceller (PV), vindkraft, en datacenterbelastning og et batterilager (BESS), alle koblet til samme POC. Målet er at udvikle en realistisk driftsmodel for batteriet og bruge den til at evaluere teknisk drift, forventet batterilevetid og en forenklet økonomisk vurdering. Systemet simuleres over ét år med 15-minutters tidsopløsning. Et energistyringssystem (EMS) planlægger driften én dag forud ud fra prognoser (day-ahead) og laver løbende korrektioner i realtid baseret på faktiske målinger. To EMS-strategier sammenlignes: et Standard EMS med fokus på at følge den planlagte køreplan (schedule tracking) og et SOC-bånd EMS, der søger at holde batteriets ladegrad (State of Charge, SOC) mere stabil. Flere kombinationer af batteriets effekt- og energikapacitet testes. Resultaterne viser, at der ikke findes én entydigt bedste batteristørrelse eller EMS-strategi. Standard EMS forbedrer generelt planopfyldelse og årlige omkostninger, mens SOC-bånd EMS forbedrer SOC-adfærden og den estimerede levetid. At øge batteriets effektkapacitet giver kun begrænsede ekstra gevinster efter et mellemleje, og timingen af AI-relaterede spidsbelastninger i datacenteret påvirker batteriets drift.
[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]
Keywords
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