Socioeconomic impacts from the implementation of biogas production in Bulgaria
Author
Stoyanov, Todor Stoyanov
Term
4. Term
Publication year
2013
Abstract
Dette speciale undersøger de socioøkonomiske konsekvenser af at implementere biogas i stor skala i Bulgarien og anvende gassen til el og varme. Baggrunden er landets store afhængighed af importerede brændsler, stigende miljøpres samt EU-mål for vedvarende energi, reduktion af drivhusgasser, energieffektivitet og nedbringelse af deponering af bionedbrydeligt affald. Studiet har to hovedmål: (1) at opgøre de væsentligste biomasseressourcer til biogas og deres realiserbare energindhold, og (2) at vurdere, hvordan udbredelse af biogas kan påvirke energiforsyningssikkerhed, affaldshåndtering, emissioner og beskæftigelse. Metoden kombinerer en national ressourceopgørelse—med organiske affaldsstrømme fra fødevareindustrien og husholdninger, spildevandsslam, landbrugsbiprodukter som husdyrgødning og halm samt udvalgte energiafgrøder—med en socioøkonomisk feasibility-analyse af alternative udrulningsveje for el- og varmeproduktion (herunder kraftvarme), under hensyn til sektorielle og teknologiske begrænsninger. Analysen vurderer systemomkostninger, energiproduktion, jobeffekter og reduktion af drivhusgasser og underbygges af følsomhedsanalyser og litteraturstudie. På en baggrund, hvor vandkraft dominerer Bulgariens vedvarende el og biogas kun spiller en minimal rolle, afsøger specialet scenarier for at integrere lokale biomasser i energisystemet. Det foreliggende uddrag indeholder ikke endelige kvantitative resultater, men skitserer en evidensbaseret ramme, som kan understøtte politik og planlægning af de mest fordelagtige veje til implementering af biogas i Bulgarien.
This thesis examines the socioeconomic consequences of implementing large-scale biogas production in Bulgaria and using the gas for electricity and heat. It is motivated by the country’s high dependence on imported fuels, rising environmental pressures, and EU targets for renewable energy, greenhouse-gas reduction, energy efficiency, and diverting biodegradable waste from landfill. The study pursues two main objectives: (1) to estimate the major biomass resources for biogas and their realizable energy content, and (2) to assess how biogas deployment could affect energy security, waste management, emissions and employment. The methodology combines a national resource assessment—covering organic waste from the food-processing sector and households, sewage sludge, agricultural by-products such as animal manure and straw, and selected energy crops—with a socioeconomic feasibility analysis of alternative deployment pathways for producing electricity and heat (including cogeneration), subject to sectoral and technological constraints. The analysis evaluates system costs, energy output, job effects and greenhouse-gas reductions, and is supported by sensitivity testing and a literature review. Against a backdrop where hydropower dominates Bulgaria’s renewable electricity and biogas is scarcely used, the thesis explores scenarios to integrate locally available biomass into the energy system. The excerpt provided does not report final quantitative results; rather, it outlines an evidence-based framework intended to inform policy and planning on the most beneficial routes to implement biogas in Bulgaria.
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