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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Socio-Economic Determinants of Poverty: A Case of Pakistan

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2009

Pages

101

Abstract

Dette speciale undersøger de socioøkonomiske determinanter for fattigdom i Pakistan og behandler fattigdom som et multidimensionelt fænomen formet af ulighed, kønsforskelle, geografiske skel, politisk ustabilitet, svage institutioner samt mangler i menneskelig og åndelig kapital; det belyser også sammenhænge til korruption. Arbejdet kombinerer en teoretisk gennemgang af fattigdomsbegreber og -mål (absolut og relativ fattigdom, kapabilitetstilgangen, headcount-indeks, fattigdomsgab og -alvor samt Lorenz-kurve og Gini-koefficient) med en national kontekst om uddannelse, sundhed, miljø, energi, landlige levevilkår, befolkningsdynamik, inflation og arbejdsløshed. Den empiriske del omfatter feltarbejde i et landområde med deltagende landdistriktsanalyse, deltagerobservation, nøgleinformant- og strukturerede interviews samt en socioøkonomisk spørgeskemaundersøgelse, understøttet af casestudiemetoden og samarbejde med en lokal NGO. Studiet indsamler lokale opfattelser af fattigdommens årsager, anslår fattigdomsforekomst og ulighed med standardmål og drøfter religionens rolle—særligt zakat—i fattigdomsreduktion. Uddraget rapporterer ikke specifikke kvantitative resultater, men specialet argumenterer for, at holistisk udvikling kræver politisk, social og økonomisk empowerment.

This thesis investigates the socio-economic determinants of poverty in Pakistan, treating poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by inequality, gender disparities, spatial divides, political instability, weak institutions, and deficits in human and spiritual capital; it also examines links with corruption. It combines a theoretical review of poverty concepts and measures (absolute and relative poverty, the capability approach, headcount index, poverty gap and severity, and Lorenz curves with the Gini coefficient) with national context on education, health, environment, energy, rural livelihoods, population dynamics, inflation, and unemployment. The empirical component includes fieldwork in a rural setting using participatory rural appraisal, participant observation, key-informant and structured interviews, and a socio-economic survey, supported by a case-study approach and collaboration with a local NGO. The study documents local perceptions of the causes of poverty, estimates poverty incidence and inequality with standard metrics, and considers the role of religion—particularly Zakat—in poverty reduction. While the excerpt does not report specific quantitative results, the thesis argues that holistic development requires political, social, and economic empowerment.

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