AAU Student Projects is unavailable between June 15th 1.30pm and 17th 1.30pm due to planned system maintenance. The projects cannot be downloaded during this period.
AAU Student Projects - visit Aalborg University's student projects portal
A master's thesis from Aalborg University

Seeking Bedouin: a narrative ethnography of lived culture and tourism imaginaries in Wadi Rum, Jordan

Author

Term

4. term

Education

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Abstract

Wadi Rum is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Jordan, known for its striking sandstone mountains, colourful desert plains, and ancient inscriptions that reveal a long history of human presence. It is also home to local Bedouin communities, who have historically lived as nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples in the Arab world. Today, traditional Bedouin ways of life are changing rapidly due to tourism, modernization, and increasing settlement in permanent homes. At the same time, tourism initiatives, digital media, and historical storytelling often create a fixed and romanticized image of Bedouin culture. In tourism research, this process is described as cultural commodification, where culture is turned into something that can be packaged and sold. In this process, key Bedouin values such as hospitality and a deep connection to the land are repeatedly highlighted and idealized. To understand these cultural changes, the thesis examines the tensions, overlaps, and continuities between everyday cultural practices and the images of Bedouin life produced by tourism. Particular attention is given to how cultural identity, authenticity, and meanings of place are understood, experienced, and shaped by individuals and communities in interaction with external representations. The thesis is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted over three weeks in spring 2026. The fieldwork is informed by multi-sensory phenomenology, meaning that the researcher seeks to understand culture through embodied and sensory experiences of daily life and encounters between locals and tourists. To explore the relationship between lived culture and its representation in tourism, the study also uses netnography, that is, the analysis of digital material such as travel blogs, tourism websites, social media content, and user-generated stories that influence expectations and interpretations of Wadi Rum before and during travel. Furthermore, the study is situated within the tradition of narrative ethnography, where stories are the main way of presenting and analysing experiences. The findings suggest that cultural values and practices can exist both as commodified products for tourists and as deeply rooted ways of being that are actively lived out within and beyond tourism settings. Some practices are no longer necessary for survival, yet they are maintained through leisure and recreational activities as a continuation of cultural identity. The study also argues that dominant tourism narratives, commodified images, and standardized tourist experiences can act as reference points against which local actors create and express alternative representations of their cultural identity. Methodologically, the thesis contributes to innovative and experimental approaches in qualitative tourism research. It emphasises the importance of embodied, sensory, and engaged understandings of place, while also taking into account the wider social and cultural contexts that shape lived experience, attachment to place, and processes of meaning-making.

Wadi Rum er et UNESCO-verdensarvsområde i Jordan, kendt for sine markante sandstensbjerge, farverige ørkenlandskaber og gamle inskriptioner, som vidner om langvarig menneskelig tilstedeværelse. Området er også hjem for lokale beduiner, som historisk har levet som nomader eller halvnomader i den arabiske verden. I dag er beduinernes traditioner under hastig forandring på grund af turisme, modernisering og mere fast bosættelse. Samtidig skaber turisme, digitale fremstillinger og historiefortælling ofte et fastlåst og romantiseret billede af beduinkulturen. I turismeforskning beskrives dette som kulturel kommercialisering, hvor kultur gøres til en slags vare. I denne proces bliver centrale beduinske værdier, som gæstfrihed og tilknytning til landskabet, gentaget og idealiseret igen og igen. For at forstå disse kulturelle forandringer undersøger afhandlingen spændinger, overlap og kontinuiteter mellem hverdagslivets kulturelle praksisser og de forestillinger om beduiner, som turismen skaber. Der fokuseres især på, hvordan kulturel identitet, autenticitet og stedets betydning forstås, opleves og formes af både enkeltpersoner og lokalsamfund i mødet med udefrakommende repræsentationer. Afhandlingen bygger på etnografisk feltarbejde gennemført over tre uger i foråret 2026. Feltarbejdet er inspireret af multisensorisk fænomenologi, hvilket vil sige, at forskeren forsøger at forstå kultur gennem kropslige og sanselige erfaringer af hverdagsliv og møder med turister. For at undersøge forholdet mellem det levede hverdagsliv og dets fremstilling i turismen bruger studiet også netnografi, dvs. analyse af digitalt materiale som rejseblogs, turisthjemmesider, indhold på sociale medier og brugerfortællinger, der præger forventninger og fortolkninger af stedet før og under rejsen. Desuden er studiet forankret i narrativ etnografi, hvor fortællinger er den primære måde at formidle og analysere erfaringer på. Resultaterne viser, at kulturelle værdier og praksisser både kan fungere som kommercialiserede produkter for turister og som dybt forankrede måder at være i verden på, som fortsat leves ud både i og uden for turismesammenhæng. Nogle praksisser er ikke længere nødvendige for overlevelse, men fastholdes gennem fritids- og friluftsaktiviteter som en fortsættelse af kulturel identitet. Studiet peger også på, at de dominerende fortællinger og standardiserede former for turistoplevelser kan blive et slags modbillede, som lokale aktører kan definere og udtrykke alternative forståelser af deres kulturelle identitet i forhold til. Metodisk bidrager afhandlingen til nyere, eksperimenterende tilgange til kvalitativ turismeforskning. Den fremhæver betydningen af kropslige, sanselige og engagerede måder at forstå steder på, samtidig med at de sociale og kulturelle sammenhænge, der former oplevelser, stedstilknytning og meningsskabelse, inddrages.

[This abstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]