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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Rethinking Institutional Theory: Towards a Navigation-Oriented Theory for Multinational Enterprises in an Age of Global Disruptions.

Authors

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Term

4. Semester

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Abstract

This thesis examines how multinational enterprises (MNEs) sense, interpret, and navigate institutional pressures amid global disruptions. It argues that traditional institutional theory, built on assumptions of stability, has limited explanatory power in volatile, politically contested environments and proposes a navigation-oriented extension that captures dynamic and overlapping pressures. The study employs a qualitative, theory-building design within critical realism, drawing on existing literature and secondary case material on the Russia–Ukraine war and the US–China rivalry. Through thematic analysis across macro-, meso-, and micro-levels, it explores how geopolitical disruptions translate into geoeconomic pressures and institutional signals, how industries mediate these signals, and how firms respond. The results indicate stability bias, missing process explanations, and weak integration of geopolitical dynamics and multilevel interactions in existing theory. The thesis conceptualizes institutional navigation as a dynamic, iterative process in which MNEs sense signals, interpret strategic implications, and navigate via adaptation, reconfiguration, and nonmarket strategies. A central finding is that unpredictability is a structural condition that forces firms to act under uncertainty and balance competing pressures related to legitimacy, corporate nationality, and operational exposure. Building on these insights, the thesis offers a conceptual framework linking geopolitical disruption, geoeconomic pressures, institutional signals, industry transmission channels, and firm-level navigation, emphasizing recursive feedback between firm actions and the institutional environment, thereby shifting the focus from static adaptation to dynamic navigation and outlining theoretical and managerial implications.

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan multinationale virksomheder (MNE’er) opfatter, fortolker og navigerer institutionelle pres under globale forstyrrelser. Den argumenterer for, at klassisk institutionel teori, som i høj grad bygger på antagelser om stabilitet, har begrænset forklaringskraft i volatile og politisk omstridte omgivelser, og foreslår derfor en navigationsorienteret videreudvikling, der indfanger dynamiske og overlappende pres. Studiet anvender en kvalitativ, teoriopbyggende tilgang inden for kritisk realisme og trækker på eksisterende litteratur samt sekundære casematerialer om bl.a. krigen mellem Rusland og Ukraine og rivaliseringen mellem USA og Kina. Gennem tematisk analyse på makro-, meso- og mikroniveau undersøges, hvordan geopolitiske forstyrrelser omsættes til geøkonomiske pres og institutionelle signaler, hvordan disse formidles gennem brancher, og hvordan virksomheder reagerer. Resultaterne peger på, at eksisterende institutionel teori lider af stabilitetsbias, manglende procesforklaring og svag integration af geopolitiske dynamikker og flerniveausamspil. Afhandlingen begrebsliggør derfor institutionel navigation som en dynamisk, iterativ proces, hvor MNE’er sanser signaler, fortolker strategiske implikationer og navigerer via tilpasning, rekonfiguration og non-market strategier. Et centralt fund er, at uforudsigelighed udgør en strukturel betingelse, som kræver handling under usikkerhed og balance mellem legitimitet, virksomheds-nationalitet og operativ eksponering. På den baggrund præsenteres en konceptuel ramme, der kobler geopolitisk forstyrrelse, geøkonomiske pres, institutionelle signaler, brancherelaterede transmissionskanaler og virksomheders navigation, med fokus på rekursive feedbackeffekter mellem virksomheders handlinger og det institutionelle miljø, hvilket flytter fokus fra statisk tilpasning til dynamisk navigation og giver både teoretiske og praktiske implikationer.

[This abstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]