Race and Indigeneity as Gramsci's Passive Revolution: Case Study: Mercado Campesino de Arocagüa, Cochabamba, Bolivia
Translated title
Race and Indigeneity as Gramsci's Passive Revolution
Authors
Rossi, Tommaso ; Wade, Philip
Term
4. term
Publication year
2019
Abstract
Denne afhandling undersøger den peri-urbane bosættelse Mercado Campesino de Arocagüa i Cochabamba, grundlagt i 1996 af hovedsageligt quechua-talende migranter fra Chapare, som fortsat lever socialt og økonomisk isoleret uden lovlig jordret og basale forsyninger, trods forfatningsreformer og en dekolonial dagsorden under præsident Evo Morales. Med udgangspunkt i Gramscis teori om kulturel hegemoni og perspektiver fra postkoloniale og latinamerikanske dekoloniale skoler (herunder Quijanos “coloniality of power”) analyserer afhandlingen, hvordan europæisk konstruerede begreber som race og indigenitet internaliseres i den bolivianske plurinationalstat, og fortolker statens indoptagelse af indigenitet gennem begrebet “passiv revolution”. Undersøgelsen er et enkeltcasestudie, der kombinerer interviews med beboere, lokale nyhedsartikler, nationale statistikker og relevant akademisk litteratur, informeret af et etnografisk ståsted. Analysen peger på, at historisk konstruerede raciale hierarkier og eurocentriske statslige logikker fastholder eksklusionen af indfødte interne migranter, og at inklusionsdiskursen ikke er omsat til materielle forbedringer for Mercado Campesino-samfundet.
This thesis examines the peri-urban settlement of Mercado Campesino de Arocagüa in Cochabamba, founded in 1996 by mainly Quechua-speaking migrants from Chapare, which remains socially and economically isolated without legal tenure or basic services despite constitutional reforms and a decolonial agenda under President Evo Morales. Drawing on Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony and postcolonial and Latin American decolonial approaches (including Quijano’s coloniality of power), the study analyzes how European-made concepts such as race and indigeneity are internalized in the Bolivian Plurinational State and interprets the state’s incorporation of indigeneity through the lens of “passive revolution.” The research uses a single-case design combining interviews with residents, local news reports, national statistics, and relevant scholarship, informed by an ethnographic standpoint. The analysis indicates that historically constructed racial hierarchies and Eurocentric state logics sustain the exclusion of indigenous internal migrants, and that inclusionary discourse has not translated into material improvements for the Mercado Campesino community.
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Keywords
Gramsci ; passive revolution ; Bolivia ; race ; indigeneity ; exclusion
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