Author(s)
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2011
Submitted on
2011-07-05
Pages
86 pages
Abstract
Vickers hårdhedstallet, den indentations-inducerede høj densitets og plastisk deformations volumen i silikatglas er blevet kvanticeret med atomic force mikroskopi ved at måle før og efter varmebehandling ved 0.9 x Tg i to timer. Resultaterne viser at volumenet med høj densitet bliver mindre i lige proportioner med glassets kompressibilitetsmodul, og det plastic deformerede volumen med mol fraktionen af SiO2, og bliver nul omkring en mol fraktionen på 80%. Hårdheden kunne relateres til de elastiske egenskaber, især forskydningsmodulet, men det var ikke muligt at fremstille en forbedret model til at forudsige hårdheden af glas udfra de fundne relationer til de irreversible deformerede volumener. Det blev forsøgt at relatere den relative mængde af høj densitets til plastisk deformation til det frie volumen, f.eks. igennem Poissons tal og helium opløseligheden. Det var ikke muligt at finde nogen klar sammenhæng med disse parametre, men forholdet imellem de ovennævnte modstande til permanent deformation beskrev resultaterne godt. For nogle af de producerede glasprøver blev modstanden mod fraktur målt og den residuale mekaniske spænding estimeret med ekstrapolation fra de målte plastiske deformations volumener. De estimerede residuale spændinger ligger imellem 110 til 470MPa (med en fejl på 70MPa,) og derfor lader der ikke til at være en enkelt spænding ved den målte nødvendige kraft til at initiere fraktur i silikatglas.
The Vickers hardness and the indentation induced densied and plastic flow volumes were determined in simple silicate glasses by atomic force microscopy by measuring before and after annealing at 0.9 x Tg for two hours. It was found that the densified volume decreases linearly with the measured bulk modulus, and the plastic flow volume with the silica molar fraction (becoming zero close to 80%) of the glass. Hardness was related to the elastic properties, in particular the shear modulus, but it was not possible to develop an improved model for hardness prediction given the discovered relations to the deformation volumes. The relative contribution of densification to plastic flow was attempted to be related to measures of the free volume, such as Poisson's ratio and the helium solubility. However there is no clear relationship with these properties, instead the results being described accurately by the ratio of the resistances described above. For some glasses the loads for crack initiation were measured and the residual stresses at these loads estimated from the extrapolated plastic flow volumes. The estimated stresses range from 110 to 470MPa (with an error of 70MPa,) and thus it does not seem a single stress for crack initiation exists, even in simple silicates.
Keywords
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