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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Predictors of interindividual variation in response to strength training in healthy adults

Authors

;

Term

4. semester

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Abstract

Resistance training typically improves strength and body composition, yet individuals often respond differently to the same program. This study aimed to examine how modifiable factors and baseline characteristics contribute to interindividual differences in training response. Forty-three healthy adults (22 men, 21 women) completed an 8-week program with two full-body sessions per week including squat, bench press, rowing, and Romanian deadlift, with progressively increasing intensity. Before and after the intervention, dynamic strength was assessed as 1RM in squat and bench press, isometric knee extension strength as maximal voluntary contraction, and body composition by DXA. Throughout the intervention, participants reported sleep, stress, readiness, alcohol and tobacco use, step count, additional physical activity, and indices of adherence, compliance, and supervision. Following the program, significant gains were observed in 1RM squat, 1RM bench press, and isometric strength, whereas average fat-free mass did not change significantly. Substantial interindividual variation was evident across outcomes. Hierarchical multiple regression models explained 32–55% of the variability across strength and body composition measures. Lower baseline strength relative to fat-free mass was associated with greater improvements in squat and bench press, and changes in body weight were the strongest predictor of changes in fat-free mass. These findings indicate that baseline strength level and body weight change are key factors for understanding individual responses to resistance training.

Styrketræning forbedrer generelt styrke og kropssammensætning, men personer reagerer forskelligt på den samme træning. Dette studie havde til formål at undersøge, hvordan modificerbare faktorer og baselinekarakteristika bidrager til individuelle forskelle i træningsrespons. Treogfyrre raske voksne (22 mænd, 21 kvinder) gennemførte et 8 ugers forløb med to ugentlige helkropstræningspas bestående af squat, bænkpres, roning og rumænsk dødløft med progressivt øget intensitet. Før og efter interventionen blev dynamisk styrke vurderet som 1RM i squat og bænkpres, isometrisk styrke blev målt som maksimal frivillig kontraktion i knæekstension, og kropssammensætning blev målt med DXA. Undervejs registrerede deltagerne søvn, stress, parathed, alkohol- og tobaksforbrug, skridt, supplerende fysisk aktivitet, samt adherence, compliance og grad af supervision. Efter interventionen sås signifikante forbedringer i 1RM squat, 1RM bænkpres og isometrisk styrke, mens fedtfri masse i gennemsnit ikke ændrede sig signifikant. Der var betydelig indbyrdes variation på tværs af alle udfald. Hierarkiske multiple regressionsmodeller forklarede 32–55% af variationen på tværs af styrke- og kropssammensætningsmål. Lavere baseline-styrke relativt til fedtfri masse var forbundet med større forbedringer i squat og bænkpres, og ændringer i kropsvægt var den stærkeste prædiktor for ændringer i fedtfri masse. Resultaterne peger på, at udgangsstyrke og kropsvægtændringer er centrale faktorer for at forstå individuelle forskelle i respons på styrketræning.

[This apstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]