Populism: Comparison of Populist Discourses in Latin America: Cases of Bolsonaro and Maduro.: How do Bolsonaro and Maduro of antagonistic ideologies coincide in the conformation of their speeches to achieve their political goals?
Author
Vila, Jaime Perez de Arminan
Term
4. term
Publication year
2022
Submitted on
2022-05-31
Pages
42
Abstract
This thesis compares populist rhetoric in Latin America through two case studies: Jair Bolsonaro (Brazil) and Nicolás Maduro (Venezuela). It examines how their speeches align with or challenge the principles of liberal democracy. The analysis focuses on selected campaign speeches and United Nations addresses, which together reveal both domestic and international messaging. Campaign speeches are harder to locate because they are rarely archived officially, whereas UN speeches target a global audience that includes diplomats. For Bolsonaro, campaign speeches help contextualize Brazil’s contentious 2018 election and the relationship between the political “supply” of populism and voter “demand,” though assessing this fully would require public opinion data. His UN speech on Covid-19 and environmental protection illustrates his positions on health and the environment. For Maduro, the speeches consistently stress national sovereignty. He argues that sanctions, which he attributes to the UN, harm the people and target the country’s resources, such as national oil. He claims that financial accounts have been pursued, gold reserves in London blocked, and billions of dollars in bank accounts in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere seized and frozen. He presents these actions as contrary to Venezuela’s sovereignty and to his populist narrative. Overall, the thesis seeks to clarify how these leaders deploy populist messages in national campaigns and international forums, and how their rhetoric relates to liberal-democratic norms and values.
Dette speciale sammenligner populistisk retorik i Latinamerika gennem to casestudier: Jair Bolsonaro (Brasilien) og Nicolás Maduro (Venezuela). Udgangspunktet er, hvordan deres taler forholder sig til principperne for det liberale demokrati. Analysen bygger på udvalgte kampagnetaler og taler i FN, fordi de viser både nationale og internationale budskaber. Kampagnetaler er svære at finde, da de ofte ikke er officielt arkiveret, mens FN-talene har et globalt publikum, herunder diplomater. For Bolsonaro bruges kampagnetalerne til at belyse den omstridte brasilianske valgkamp i 2018 og forholdet mellem “udbud” af populisme fra politikere og “efterspørgsel” fra vælgere. En egentlig vurdering af dette forhold kræver dog offentlige opinionsdata. Hans FN-tale om Covid-19 og miljøbeskyttelse belyser hans holdninger til sundhed og miljø. For Maduro viser talerne et vedvarende fokus på national suverænitet. Han hævder, at sanktioner, som han tilskriver FN, skader befolkningen og rammer landets ressourcer, såsom national olie. Ifølge ham er finansielle konti blevet forfulgt, guldreserver i London er blevet blokeret, og milliarder af dollars i banker i USA, Europa og andre steder er blevet beslaglagt og frosset. Han fremstiller dette som i strid med landets suverænitet og sin populistiske fortælling. Samlet set søger specialet at klarlægge, hvordan disse to ledere bruger populistiske budskaber i nationale kampagner og internationale fora, og hvordan retorikken relaterer til normer og værdier i det liberale demokrati.
[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]
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