Phytoextraction of Cadmium, Zinc and Lead: A case study of \textit{Salix Schwerinii} and \textit{Salix Viminalis} and approaches of improving the method using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Author
Klausen, Christian Schel
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2017
Submitted on
2017-06-10
Pages
55
Abstract
Tungmetaller som cadmium (Cd), bly (Pb) og zink (Zn) i jord er et miljøproblem. Fytoekstraktion er brugen af planter til at trække metaller ud af jorden. Vi testede to pilearter, Salix schwerinii og Salix viminalis, og undersøgte, om inokulering med arbuskulær mykorrhiza (gavnlige rod-svampe) kan forbedre planternes metaloptag. Jord fra en kendt forurenet grund blev brugt i potteforsøg. Vi målte, hvor meget planterne optog, hvor meget der blev transporteret til overjordiske dele, og hvor lang tid der kræves for at sænke jordens metalniveauer til det danske jordkvalitetskriterium. Begge arter optog og flyttede især Cd og Zn til de overjordiske dele, og mykorrhizainokulering øgede metaloptaget i rødderne. Salix schwerinii var bedst til at optage og translokere de tre metaller til overjordisk væv, men Salix viminalis var mest effektiv til at reducere metalindholdet i jorden på grund af sin højere biomasseproduktion. Den beregnede oprensningstid var kortest for Salix viminalis. Samlet peger resultaterne på, at begge arter kan anvendes til fytoekstraktion, og at arbuskulær mykorrhiza kan øge effektiviteten.
Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in soil are an environmental concern. Phytoextraction uses plants to draw metals out of contaminated soil. We tested two willow species, Salix schwerinii and Salix viminalis, and examined whether inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza (beneficial root-associated fungi) can improve plant metal uptake. Soil from a known contaminated site was used in pot experiments. We measured how much the plants took up, how much was moved into aboveground tissues, and how long it would take to lower soil metal levels to the Danish soil quality criterion. Both species most effectively took up and translocated Cd and Zn to aboveground parts, and mycorrhizal inoculation increased metal uptake in roots. Salix schwerinii was better at taking up and moving all three metals into aboveground tissues, but Salix viminalis, due to its higher biomass production, was more effective at reducing metal concentrations in soil. The estimated cleanup time was shortest for Salix viminalis. Overall, both species are suitable for phytoextraction, and arbuscular mycorrhiza can enhance effectiveness.
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