P2X for voltage and frequency stability
Author
Liu, Chang
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2026
Submitted on
2026-04-20
Abstract
The growing share of renewable generation challenges grid stability due to variability. This thesis investigates how Power‑to‑X (PtX) can enhance frequency and voltage stability by operating as a fast, controllable load. A modular, dynamic PtX model is developed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory with detailed submodels for rectifiers, buck converters, and a 250 MW PEM electrolyzer that include electrochemical, thermal, pressure, and mass‑flow dynamics to capture realistic behavior. Control strategies are designed to provide ancillary services and comply with Energinet grid code requirements, and the model is applied in generic integration and stability studies, including power ramping and fault response analyses. Simulation results indicate that PtX units with ramping capability up to 60 MW/min can mitigate disturbances, support frequency and voltage, and strengthen overall system resilience. The work provides a technical framework and practical insights into PtX’s role in future low‑carbon energy systems.
Den hastigt voksende andel af vedvarende energi udfordrer netstabiliteten på grund af varierende produktion. Dette speciale undersøger, hvordan Power-to-X (PtX) kan styrke frekvens- og spændingsstabilitet ved at fungere som en hurtig, kontrollerbar belastning. Der opbygges en modulær, dynamisk PtX-model i DIgSILENT PowerFactory med detaljerede delmodeller af ensrettere, buck‑konvertere og en 250 MW PEM‑elektrolysør, der integrerer elektrokemiske, termiske, tryk- og masseflowdynamikker for realistisk drift. Kontrolstrategierne er udformet til at levere hjælpetjenester og opfylde Energinets netkodekrav, og modellen anvendes i generiske integrations- og stabilitetsstudier, herunder undersøgelse af effekt‑ramping og responser på netfejl. Simulationsresultaterne indikerer, at PtX‑enheder med rampeevne op til 60 MW/min kan afbøde systemforstyrrelser, støtte frekvens og spænding og derved øge elsystemets robusthed. Arbejdet giver en teknisk ramme og praktiske indsigter i PtX’s rolle i fremtidens lavemissionsenergiinfrastruktur.
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