Operation and Control of Wind Power Plants with Electrolyzers
Authors
Høgedal, Erik Emil ; Skovgaard, Asbjørn Benniche
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2022
Abstract
This thesis examines how large-scale electrolyzers can be integrated into an existing onshore wind power plant to advance Power-to-X and decarbonization. The research addresses two questions: (1) which collector system layouts are technically and practically suitable for a sizable Power-to-Hydrogen installation, and (2) which operational control strategies can optimize Balance of Plant and enable participation in Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR). The work uses a model-based design approach: representative models of the collector system, wind turbine generators, and PEM electrolyzers are developed in MATLAB/Simulink; a hybrid AC and DC power system model is built to compute electrical quantities and power flows and to test control strategies under realistic scenarios (including a high-wind curtailment day and Danish grid frequency signals for FCR). The evaluation indicates that feasible layouts must balance physical footprint, losses, voltage levels, and site constraints, with converters and transformers dominating losses. For the studied case, a 6 kV DC configuration with separate electrolyzer module division emerges as the most suitable. The proposed strategies for Balance of Plant, prioritizing between hydrogen production and grid export, wind curtailment, and FCR via demand response show in simulations that integrating electrolyzers can improve utilization of wind farm capacity and create additional revenue streams.
Dette speciale undersøger, hvordan store elektrolyseanlæg kan integreres i en eksisterende onshore vindmøllepark for at fremme P2X og reducere CO2‑udledninger. Forskningsspørgsmålet er todelt: (1) hvilke samlesystem‑/opsamlingsnet‑layout er teknisk og praktisk egnede for en stor Power‑to‑Hydrogen installation, og (2) hvilke drifts‑ og styringsstrategier kan optimere anlæggets Balance of Plant og muliggøre deltagelse i frekvensstøtte (FCR). Metodisk anvendes modelbaseret design, hvor der i MATLAB/Simulink udvikles repræsentative modeller af opsamlingsnet, vindmøller (WTG’er) og PEM‑elektrolysemoduler; der opbygges en hybrid AC‑ og DC‑kraftsystemmodel til effekt‑ og energistrømsberegninger og til at afprøve styringsstrategier under realistiske scenarier (bl.a. højvind‑nedregulering og danske netfrekvensmålinger for FCR). Evalueringen viser, at et egnet layout skal afveje fysisk areal, tab, spændingsniveauer og lokale forhold, og at tab primært stammer fra konvertere og transformere. For den studerede case fremstår en 6 kV DC‑konfiguration med opdeling i separate elektrolysemoduler som mest hensigtsmæssig. De udviklede driftsstrategier for Balance of Plant, prioritering mellem brintproduktion og netindfødning, vindnedregulering samt FCR som efterspørgselsrespons demonstrerer i simuleringer, at integration af elektrolyse kan øge udnyttelsen af parkens kapacitet og åbne for flere indtægtsstrømme.
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