Office Building Simulations: Zoning and Internal Loads: Influence of Zone Partitioning in BSim & Internal Load Comparison with Typical Simulation Inputs
Translated title
Office Building Simulations: Zoning and Internal Loads
Authors
Matuleviciute, Vilija ; Krastina, Liena ; Senberga, Anda
Term
4. Term
Education
Publication year
2019
Pages
163
Abstract
At udvikle en præcis energimodel for en bygning kræver tid og mange data i projekteringsfasen. Denne afhandling rummer to studier. Studie 1 anvender bygningsperformance-simulering (BPS) til at undersøge, hvordan forskellige strategier for termisk zonering (at opdele en kontorbygning i zoner med ensartede forhold) og varierende modelkompleksitet påvirker det årlige behov for opvarmning og køling. Det belyser også betydningen af interne belastninger (varme fra mennesker og udstyr) og termisk masse (materialers evne til at lagre varme) for både energiforbrug og termisk komfort. Studie 2 omfatter realtidsmålinger af tilstedeværelse og stikkontaktlaster (eludstyr tilsluttet stikkontakter) i en dansk kontorbygning. Energi-relateret brugeradfærd er afgørende, men i simulationsmodeller antages den ofte som faste tidsplaner fra nationale standarder, så den dynamiske adfærd overses. Vi fandt, at de mere dynamiske interne lastprofiler i en dansk branchevejledning antager 100% tilstedeværelse i kontortiden, mens de målte data viste lavere tilstedeværelse og lavere timevise spidslaster. De målte stikkontaktlaster fulgte det overordnede mønster i vejledningen, men den gennemsnitlige timevise spidslast var 55% lavere. På den baggrund opstiller vi en praktisk retningslinje for at simulere kontorbygningers årlige varme- og kølebehov med fokus på hensigtsmæssig zonering og realistisk håndtering af interne laster. Målet er at hjælpe bygningsingeniører med at forbedre nøjagtigheden af BPS-modeller i projekteringsfasen.
Creating an accurate building energy model during design takes time and detailed data. This thesis reports two studies. Study 1 uses building performance simulation (BPS) to test how different thermal zoning strategies (dividing an office building into zones with similar conditions) and levels of model complexity change the predicted annual heating and cooling demand. It also examines the role of internal loads (heat from people and equipment) and thermal mass (materials that store heat) in annual energy use and thermal comfort. Study 2 carries out real-time monitoring of occupancy and plug loads (devices plugged into sockets) in a Danish office building. Energy-related occupant behavior is critical, yet simulations often rely on fixed schedules from national standards and overlook dynamic behavior. We found that more dynamic internal load profiles from a Danish industry guide assume 100% occupancy during office hours, while measured occupancy was lower and led to lower hourly peak loads. Measured plug loads followed the guide’s general pattern, but the average hourly peak was 55% lower. Based on these findings, we provide a practical guideline for simulating annual heating and cooling in office buildings, with advice on appropriate zoning and realistic internal loads. The goal is to help building engineers improve the accuracy of design-phase BPS models.
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