Molecular Imprinted Particles - Three different methodologies for the specific recognition of saccharides in aqueous solutions
Author
Frandsen, Rasmus
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2017
Submitted on
2017-06-05
Pages
25
Abstract
Molecular imprinting seeks to create selective, antibody-like binding sites in robust polymers, but traditional bulk polymerization often requires post-processing and is challenging in water—precisely where saccharide recognition is needed for applications such as glucose monitoring and early cancer detection. This thesis evaluates three synthetic routes to molecularly imprinted particles aimed at selective rebinding under aqueous conditions, using Alizarin Red S (ARS), which presents a saccharide-like 1,2-diol, as a model analyte. The methods were: (1) nanoparticle-stabilized (Pickering) emulsion polymerization with hydrophilic acrylamide monomers and surface-modified silica for stabilization; (2) conventional emulsion polymerization with surfactant, employing a boronic acid functional monomer to form reversible esters with ARS and enable template transport to reaction loci; and (3) core–shell polymerization. All three approaches yielded particles. In the Pickering system, low ARS solubility and phase partitioning limited crosslinking and produced large, polydisperse particles with slight template entrapment. Particles from the conventional emulsion and core–shell methods showed higher rebinding capacity than those from the Pickering approach, but this was attributed to switching from noncovalent to reversible covalent interactions rather than a genuine imprinting effect. Overall, a clear molecular imprinting effect was not observed. The work highlights key challenges for saccharide imprinting in water—solubility, partitioning, and emulsion stability—and indicates the need for further optimization of monomer composition, crosslinking, and phase behavior to achieve water-compatible, selective MIP particles.
Molekylær imprinting sigter mod at skabe selektive, antistoflignende bindingssteder i robuste polymerer, men klassisk bulkpolymerisation kræver ofte efterbehandling og er udfordret i vand, hvor saccharidgenkendelse er relevant for bl.a. glukoseovervågning og tidlig kræftdetektion. Dette projekt undersøger tre synteseveje til molekylært prægede partikler med selektiv genbinding under vandige betingelser ved at bruge Alizarin Red S (ARS), som indeholder en saccharidlignende 1,2-diol, som modelanaly t. Metoderne var: (1) nanopartikel-stabiliseret emulsion (Pickering-emulsion) med hydrofile akrylamidmonomerer og overflademodificeret silica til stabilisering; (2) konventionel emulsion med surfaktant, hvor en boronsyre-funktionel monomer danner reversible estere med ARS og muliggør templatoverførsel til reaktionssteder; og (3) core-shell polymerisation. Alle tre tilgange gav partikler. I Pickering-emulsionen begrænsede ARS’ lave opløselighed og fasefordeling krydsbindingen og gav store, polydisperse partikler med svag templatsindfangning. Partikler fra konventionel emulsion og core-shell viste større genbindingskapacitet end Pickering-partikler, men dette tillægges et skift fra ikke-kovalent til reversibelt kovalent samspil og ikke en egentlig imprinting. Overordnet blev en tydelig molekylær imprinting-effekt ikke observeret. Resultaterne fremhæver udfordringerne ved saccharidimprinting i vand—opløselighed, fasepartition og emulsionstabilitet—og peger på behovet for yderligere optimering af monomersammensætning, krydsbinding og faseadfærd for at opnå vandkompatible, selektive MIP-partikler.
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