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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Men as Subjects and Women as Symbols: An Intersectional Postcolonial Analysis of The Lord and The Parisian

Translated title

Mænd som Subjekter og Kvinder som Symboler: En Intersektionel Postkolonial Analyse af The Lord og The Parisian

Author

Term

4. term

Education

Publication year

2026

Submitted on

Pages

68

Abstract

Although Britain administered Palestine under the Mandate for about 25 years, this era is little explored in literary studies. This thesis examines English-language Palestinian portrayals of Mandate Palestine by comparing Soraya Antonius’s novel The Lord (1986) and British-Palestinian author Isabella Hammad’s The Parisian (2019). Using an intersectional postcolonial approach—focusing on how power operates (Foucauldian power and agency), how the “Orient” is represented (Edward Said’s Orientalism), and how identities mix and mimic colonial authority (Homi Bhabha’s mimicry, hybridity, and the Third Space)—it analyzes colonial and gender hierarchies. It also draws on decolonial feminist perspectives (Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Anne McClintock) and studies of women’s agency in patriarchal societies (Saba Mahmood, Deniz Kandiyoti, Lila Abu-Lughod). The analysis shows that both novels depict male protagonists whose encounters with European power create tensions around hybrid identity and mimicry. Female characters are less directly targeted by Europeans; they are cast as symbols of national tradition rather than recognized as political subjects. Women in Mandate Palestine are shown as doubly constrained by colonial structures and patriarchy. The thesis concludes that mimicry and hybridity disrupt Palestinian men’s lives: embracing European culture brings alienation, while rejecting it invites condemnation from British administrators. The novels present different forms of national resistance: Antonius highlights protagonists’ often symbolic, culturally rooted magic performances; Hammad shows resistance through academic pursuits and acts of physical violence. Both authors refuse to portray women as passive, emphasizing distinct ways their female characters resist colonial and patriarchal limits. Read together, the novels offer diverse women’s perspectives on the Mandate period and show how colonialism and patriarchy intersect and reinforce one another.

Selv om Storbritannien administrerede Palæstina under mandatet i omkring 25 år, er perioden kun sparsomt udforsket i litteraturforskningen. Denne afhandling undersøger engelsksprogede palæstinensiske skildringer af mandatperioden gennem en sammenligning af Soraya Antonius’ roman The Lord (1986) og den britisk-palæstinensiske forfatter Isabella Hammads The Parisian (2019). Med en intersektionel postkolonial tilgang—med fokus på, hvordan magt virker (Foucauldiansk magt og handlekraft), hvordan “Orienten” fremstilles (Edward Saids orientalisme), og hvordan identiteter blandes og efterligner kolonial autoritet (Homi Bhabhas mimikry, hybriditet og det tredje rum)—analyserer afhandlingen koloniale og kønnede hierarkier. Den inddrager også dekoloniale feministiske perspektiver (Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Anne McClintock) samt studier af kvinders handlekraft i patriarkalske samfund (Saba Mahmood, Deniz Kandiyoti, Lila Abu-Lughod). Analysen viser, at begge romaner skildrer mandlige hovedpersoner, hvis møder med europæisk magt skaber spændinger omkring hybrid identitet og mimikry. Kvindelige figurer er mindre direkte genstand for europæisk interesse; de fremstår som symboler på national tradition snarere end som selvstændige politiske subjekter. Kvinder i Mandat-Palæstina vises som dobbelt bundet af både koloniale strukturer og patriarkatet. Afhandlingen konkluderer, at mimikry og hybriditet forstyrrer palæstinensiske mænds liv: At omfavne europæisk kultur medfører fremmedgørelse, mens at afvise den udløser fordømmelse fra britiske administratorer. Romanerne viser forskellige former for national modstand: Hos Antonius gennem hovedpersonernes ofte symbolske, kulturelt forankrede magiske performances; hos Hammad gennem akademiske bestræbelser og fysiske voldshandlinger. Begge forfattere afviser at fremstille kvinder som passive og fremhæver særskilte måder, hvorpå deres kvindelige karakterer modsætter sig koloniale og patriarkalske grænser. Læst sammen tilbyder romanerne et bredt spektrum af kvinders perspektiver på mandatperioden og viser, hvordan kolonialisme og patriarkat krydser hinanden og forstærker hinanden.

[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]