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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Maathematical Model for Accumulation of Disinfection By-Products in Swimming Pools: - for Solving Water Quality Problems in Køge

Translated title

Matematisk model for akkumuleringaf desinfektionsbiprodukter i svømmebade: - til løsning af vandkvalitetsproblemer i Køge

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2012

Submitted on

Pages

74

Abstract

Desinfektion holder poolvand sikkert, men kan danne uønskede biprodukter. Denne afhandling udvikler en matematisk model for, hvordan sådanne biprodukter dannes, ophobes og fjernes, med fokus på bundet klor (kloraminer), som opstår når klor reagerer med kvælstofholdige forbindelser som ammoniak og urinstof. Modellen er udviklet på baggrund af en litteraturgennemgang og testet mod tre datasæt. Den stemmer ikke fuldstændigt overens med målinger, men gengiver de overordnede tendenser i dannelse og fjernelse. På den baggrund bruges modellen til at simulere, hvordan kvaliteten af påfyldningsvandet (det vand, der fyldes i bassinet) påvirker poolvandet. Tre simulationer gennemføres: (1) Ammoniak i påfyldningsvand påvirker ikke koncentrationen af bundet klor i poolen; (2) Calcium- og carbonat-arter i påfyldningsvand er alene ikke nok til at gøre vandet overmættet (dvs. med flere opløste mineraler end ved ligevægt); (3) Kuldioxid, der dannes i bassinet ved nedbrydning af urinstof, påvirker derimod mætningsgraden og kan i hårdt vand medføre overmætning.

Disinfection keeps pool water safe but can create unwanted by-products. This thesis develops a mathematical model of how such by-products form, accumulate, and are removed, focusing on combined chlorine (chloramines), which forms when chlorine reacts with nitrogen-containing compounds such as ammonia and urea. The model is built from a literature review and tested against three datasets. It does not fully match measured data, but it reproduces the overall pattern of formation and removal. On that basis, the model is used to simulate how the quality of the source water (the water used to fill the pool) affects pool water. Three simulations were run: (1) Ammonia in source water did not affect the concentration of combined chlorine in the pool; (2) Calcium and carbonate species in source water alone were not enough to make the pool water supersaturated (holding more dissolved minerals than at equilibrium); (3) Carbon dioxide produced in the pool as urea breaks down did affect saturation and, in hard water, may cause supersaturation.

[This abstract was generated with the help of AI]