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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Implementing a Circular Economy in the EU. The road to a sustainable future.

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2021

Submitted on

Pages

45

Abstract

This thesis examines how the European Union pursues sustainable development by promoting the Circular Economy (CE), an economic model that aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible through reuse, repair, and recycling. It reviews different definitions of CE to create a clear working definition and compares how key CE principles are understood across research fields. Using neo-functionalism—especially the ideas of spill-over (progress in one area driving change in others) and function-based agents (actors motivated by practical problem-solving)—the thesis analyzes CE implementation across EU production sectors and the role of supranational actors, including EU institutions and NGOs. The study relies on document analysis of EU policies, strategies, and proposed legislation to assess current steps toward the CE transition. It also outlines CE’s benefits compared with the linear model and discusses its potential to support environmental protection. Finally, it identifies EU-specific barriers and conceptual limitations that could undermine CE’s sustainability goals, and suggests priorities for future Action Programmes to address these issues.

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan Den Europæiske Union arbejder med bæredygtig udvikling ved at fremme den cirkulære økonomi (CE), en økonomisk model der søger at holde ressourcer i kredsløb længst muligt gennem genbrug, reparation og genanvendelse. Afhandlingen gennemgår forskellige definitioner af CE for at skabe en klar arbejdende definition og sammenligner, hvordan centrale CE-principper forstås på tværs af forskningsfelter. Med udgangspunkt i neofunktionalisme—særligt idéerne om spillover (fremskridt på ét område, der driver forandring på andre) og funktionsbaserede aktører (aktører motiveret af praktisk problemløsning)—analyseres implementeringen af CE på tværs af EU’s produktionssektorer samt rollen for overnationale aktører, herunder EU-institutioner og ngo’er. Undersøgelsen bygger på dokumentanalyse af EU-politikker, strategier og retsforslag for at vurdere de aktuelle skridt mod en CE-transition. Afhandlingen præsenterer også CE’s fordele sammenlignet med den lineære model og dens potentiale for at støtte miljøbeskyttelse. Endelig identificeres EU-specifikke barrierer og konceptuelle begrænsninger, der kan undergrave CE’s bæredygtighedsmål, og der gives forslag til, hvad fremtidige handlingsprogrammer bør prioritere for at håndtere disse udfordringer.

[This apstract has been rewritten with the help of AI based on the project's original abstract]