Implementation of grid-forming algorithms in inverter-based generation
Author
Rusu, Mihai
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2020
Submitted on
2020-11-16
Abstract
This thesis examines how grid-forming control algorithms can be implemented in inverter-based generation to mitigate stability challenges in low-inertia power systems. It addresses the question of how to design, simulate, and digitally implement droop control so that inverters can support frequency and voltage stability as synchronous machines are replaced by distributed, renewable resources. The work contrasts grid-following and grid-forming concepts, outlines low-inertia issues (including frequency and transient stability, unintentional islanding, and black start), and discusses grid-forming approaches such as cascaded voltage/current control, droop control, and virtual synchronous machines. A droop-based grid-forming scheme with associated current and voltage control loops is developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, including controller discretization for digital realization. A hardware-in-the-loop example using an OPAL-RT OP4510 simulator and a dSPACE 1103 platform illustrates the practical implementation pathway. The provided excerpt does not include quantitative performance results; the emphasis is on design methodology, simulations, and the demonstration setup.
Dette speciale undersøger, hvordan netdannende (grid-forming) algoritmer kan implementeres i inverterbaserede produktionsanlæg for at afbøde stabilitetsudfordringer i lav-inerti elnet. Arbejdet stiller spørgsmålet: hvordan kan droop‑kontrol udformes, simuleres og digitalt implementeres, så invertere kan støtte frekvens- og spændingsstabilitet, når synkrone maskiner erstattes af distribuerede, vedvarende ressourcer? Rapporten gennemgår forskellen mellem netfølgende og netdannende styring, præsenterer centrale problemstillinger i lav-inerti systemer (bl.a. frekvens- og transientstabilitet, utilsigtet ødrift og blackstart) og diskuterer grid-forming tilgange som kaskaderet spændings-/strømregulering, droop‑kontrol og virtuel synkron maskine. Der udvikles en droop‑baseret netdannende styring med tilhørende strøm- og spændingssløjfer, som modelleres og simuleres i MATLAB/Simulink, herunder diskretisering til digital implementering. Endvidere præsenteres et hardware‑i‑løkken (HIL) eksempel baseret på en OPAL‑RT OP4510 simulator og en dSPACE 1103 platform, der illustrerer den praktiske implementeringsvej. Uddraget indeholder ikke kvantitative resultater; fokus er på designmetode, simuleringer og demonstrationsopstilling.
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