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Implementation of energy efficiency in the individual heating sector - how can it be done: A socio- and user economic assessment on converting oil boilers in Aalborg municipality

Authors

;

Term

4. Term

Publication year

2020

Pages

82

Abstract

Denmark aims to phase out oil and achieve a fossil-free heating sector, yet oil-heated homes remain outside collective networks in Aalborg Municipality. This project asks: How can oil-supplied houses in Aalborg become more energy efficient, and do heat pumps and insulation benefit both socio- and user economics? Heat demand is estimated using Denmark’s heat atlas, typical heat demand indicators per m2, and insulation levels from the Danish Building Research Institute. Two heat pump types (air-to-water and ground-to-water) are sized and compared with oil boilers. Based on these inputs, socio-economic and user economic assessments are performed in line with Danish Energy Agency guidelines, supported by sensitivity analyses. The results indicate that converting from oil to heat pumps is rarely socio-economically beneficial, with only a few building age groups showing advantages, whereas insulation is often socio-economically favorable, with the optimal level depending on building period and heat supply. From the user perspective, both heat pump conversion and insulation can deliver substantial cost savings over the analysis period, making them attractive to households but not necessarily to society. Despite weaker socio-economic outcomes, conversion is necessary to meet oil phase-out goals, and high upfront costs are a key barrier. The study therefore recommends increased subsidies, municipal facilitation, and subscription or partnership models to help households overcome investment hurdles and accelerate the rollout of heat pumps and energy efficiency measures.

Danmark vil udfase olie og gøre varmesektoren fossilfri, men i Aalborg Kommune findes stadig boliger uden for kollektive net, der opvarmes med olie. Dette projekt undersøger: Hvordan kan olieopvarmede huse i Aalborg Kommune blive mere energieffektive, og kan både samfunds- og brugerøkonomi drage fordel af at implementere varmepumper og isolering? Varmebehovet estimeres ved hjælp af Danmarks Varmeatlas, typiske varmebehovstal pr. m2 og Statens Byggeforskningsinstituts niveauer for isolering. To varmepumpetyper (luft-til-vand og jord-til-vand) dimensioneres og sammenlignes med oliekedler. På den baggrund gennemføres samfunds- og brugerøkonomiske analyser i overensstemmelse med Energistyrelsens retningslinjer, suppleret af følsomhedsanalyser. Resultaterne peger på, at konvertering fra olie til varmepumpe sjældent er samfundsøkonomisk fordelagtig, og at det kun i enkelte bygningsaldre kan betale sig for samfundet, mens isolering typisk er samfundsøkonomisk fordelagtig med et optimalt isoleringsniveau, der afhænger af bygningens periode og varmeforsyning. For den enkelte bruger viser analyserne, at både konvertering til varmepumpe og isolering kan give betydelige økonomiske besparelser over analyseperioden, hvilket gør det attraktivt for husstanden, men ikke nødvendigvis for samfundet. På trods af de svagere samfundsøkonomiske resultater er konvertering nødvendig for at nå målet om udfasning af oliefyr, og høje startomkostninger udgør en central barriere. Derfor anbefales øget statslig støtte, kommunal facilitering og abonnements- eller partnerskabsmodeller, som kan hjælpe borgere over investeringsbarrieren og accelerere udrulningen af varmepumper og energieffektivisering.

[This apstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]