If you come to Hungary...Hungarian Civil Society Initiatives in the wake of the influx of refugees
Author
Hetyési, Krisztina
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2016
Abstract
This thesis examines how Facebook-based volunteer grassroots initiatives emerged in Hungary during the 2015 influx of refugees, how they were organized and operated, what motivated volunteers, and how the groups related to the state, established charities, and the wider public context. The study uses a qualitative case study and document analysis of online sources (websites, Facebook pages, and online news) with content and thematic analysis. The analysis proceeds along three strands: (1) a New Social Movements lens to describe demands, social base, organization, mobilization, and arena of action for three groups (MigSzol Szeged, Migration Aid, and Lets Help the Refugees Together); (2) a motivation analysis based on a modified Volunteer Motivation Inventory; and (3) theories of securitization, moral panic, and state of exception to interpret political and public responses. Findings indicate the groups fit the profile of new social movements; volunteer motivations are diverse—an inner urge to help, protest against government policy, religious and moral values, belonging, and personal growth—while career and networking are not central; and the government’s consistent hardline stance from early 2015 shaped public attitudes, strained relations between authorities, established charities, and grassroots groups, and contributed to rising xenophobia and moral panic. The results reflect short-term effects and point to the need for research on long-term impacts.
Specialet undersøger, hvordan Facebook-baserede frivillige græsrodsinitiativer opstod i Ungarn under migrationsindstrømningen i 2015, hvordan de var organiseret og fungerede, hvad der motiverede de frivillige, og hvordan grupperne forholdt sig til staten, etablerede hjælpeorganisationer og den bredere offentlige kontekst. Studiet bygger på et kvalitativt casestudie og dokumentanalyse af online kilder (hjemmesider, Facebook-sider og netaviser) med indholds- og tematisk analyse. Analysen har tre spor: (1) en New Social Movements-tilgang til at beskrive krav, social base, organisering, mobilisering og handlingsrum for tre grupper (MigSzol Szeged, Migration Aid og Lets Help the Refugees Together); (2) en motivationsanalyse baseret på en modificeret Volunteer Motivation Inventory; og (3) teorier om sekuritisering, moralsk panik og undtagelsestilstand til at belyse den politiske og offentlige respons. Resultaterne peger på, at grupperne kan forstås som nye sociale bevægelser; at frivilliges motivationer er mangfoldige—bl.a. en indre trang til at hjælpe, protest mod regeringens politik, religiøse og moralske værdier, tilhørsforhold og personlig udvikling—mens karriere og netværk ikke er centrale; samt at regeringens konsekvente antimigrationslinje fra begyndelsen af 2015 prægede befolkningens holdninger, belastede relationer mellem myndigheder, etablerede velgørende organisationer og græsrodsgrupper og medvirkede til stigende fremmedfjendtlighed og moralsk panik. Fundene beskriver primært kortsigtede effekter, og der peges på behov for forskning i langsigtede konsekvenser.
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Keywords