Hybrid Power Plant Control with Electrolysers
Author
Hoo, Jun Chen
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2023
Submitted on
2023-06-01
Pages
48
Abstract
With growing wind power in Denmark, flexible demand such as electrolysers can help restore grid frequency after disturbances. This thesis investigates how a hybrid power plant (HPP) combining a 24.6 MW wind farm and a 12 MW electrolyser stack in the DK1 region can provide third-stage ancillary services, specifically automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR). The work develops a top-level HPP controller that allocates active power between the wind farm and the electrolyser to emulate up- and down-regulation, and examines electrolyser technology and response in this context. System sizing is based on industrial data (from Vattenfall) and capacity factor/location considerations, and relevant Energinet aFRR requirements are reviewed (including the target to reach 90% of the reserved volume within 12 minutes). The wind plant, electrolyser and external grid (Thevenin equivalent) are modelled in MATLAB/Simulink; controllers are represented by first-order dynamics with discretised PI and anti-windup, and network losses are estimated in DIgSilent PowerFactory using cable parameters. Several dispatch strategies are tested in simulation, including upward regulation by reducing electrolyser consumption and downward regulation with an aggregated stack versus three stacks. The results indicate that the designed controller tracks the regulation signal, allocates the reserved capacity between assets as intended, and remains stable for this purpose. The scope focuses on active power and frequency; conclusions and possible improvements are outlined in the thesis.
Med den stigende andel af vindkraft i Danmark kan fleksibelt forbrug som elektrolysatorer bidrage til at genskabe netfrekvensen efter forstyrrelser. Dette speciale undersøger, hvordan et hybridkraftværk (HPP) med en 24,6 MW vindmøllepark og en 12 MW elektrolysatorstak i DK1 kan levere systemydelser i tredje trin, nærmere bestemt automatisk frekvensgenoprettelsesreserve (aFRR). Arbejdet udvikler en overordnet HPP-controller, der fordeler aktiv effekt mellem vindmølleparken og elektrolysatoren for at efterligne op- og nedregulering, og analyserer elektrolysatorteknologiens relevans og respons i denne sammenhæng. Systemdimensionering bygger på industridata (fra Vattenfall) og overvejelser om kapacitetsfaktor og lokation, og Energinets aFRR-krav gennemgås (bl.a. krav om at nå 90% af reserveret volumen inden for 12 minutter). Vindanlæg, elektrolysator og ekstern netmodel (Thevenin-ækvivalent) modelleres i MATLAB/Simulink; controllere repræsenteres som førsteordens systemer med diskret PI-regulering og anti-windup, og nettab estimeres i DIgSilent PowerFactory ud fra kabelparametre. Flere dispatch-strategier afprøves i simulering, herunder opregulering ved at reducere elektrolysatorens forbrug og nedregulering med samlet stak versus tre stakke. Resultaterne indikerer, at den udformede controller kan følge reguleringssignalet, afsætte den reserverede kapacitet mellem aktiverne som tilsigtet og forblive stabil til formålet. Arbejdet fokuserer på aktiv effekt og frekvens; konklusioner og mulige forbedringer skitseres i specialet.
[This apstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]