Grønlandske gymnasieelevers betydningsdannelse af sundhed – Udvikling af en kompleks intervention i et sundhedsfremmende forandringsperspektiv

Greenlandic high school students perceptions of health – Development of a complex intervention in a health-promoting change perspective

Madsen, Sofie Braüner ; Hounsgård, Katrine ; Andreasen, Maria Aagaard

4. semester

Folkesundhedsvidenskab, Kandidat

2017

2017-06-06

181

Baggrund: Blandt unge i Grønland ses flere tegn på usundhed, fx mere overvægt, mindre fysisk aktivitet, mere usund kost og højere rygerater end i mange andre europæiske lande. Formål: Specialet undersøger, hvordan gymnasieelever i Grønland forstår og taler om sundhed, for at finde realistiske muligheder for forandring og udvikle en samlet indsats (en kompleks intervention) på et udvalgt gymnasium. Målet er at støtte sundere vaner og dermed reducere risikofaktorer for sygdomme som hjerte-kar-sygdom og type 2-diabetes. Metode: Undersøgelsen er et casestudie med to fokusgruppeinterviews og 14 dages deltagerobservation på et gymnasium i Grønland. Et systematisk litteraturstudie blev også brugt til at forme interventionen. Arbejdet tog afsæt i Erving Goffmans teori om, hvordan sociale situationer og samspil påvirker vores adfærd og forståelser. Resultater: For eleverne omfattede sundhed især sund kost, fysisk aktivitet, et moderat stressniveau og nære relationer. Mange købte og spiste usunde fødevarer på skolen, og en stor del røg ved et centralt placeret rygeskur, hvor det sociale fællesskab spillede en vigtig rolle. På baggrund af disse fund og eksisterende forskning blev der udviklet en kompleks intervention med fokus på at forbedre madvaner og reducere rygning i skolehverdagen. Konklusion: Den foreslåede indsats kan bidrage til ændringer i elevernes sundhedsadfærd. Den bør indeholde aktiviteter, der mindsker rygning og fremmer sundere madvalg, med fokus på sociale fællesskaber og på at ændre skolens rammer og regler (en strukturel forebyggelsesstrategi), så flest mulige elever påvirkes. Der er også potentiale for senere indsatser med fokus på stress, mere fysisk aktivitet og bedre information om skolens tilbud. Andre grønlandske gymnasier kan bruge interventionen som inspiration.

Background: Young people in Greenland show several signs of poor health, including higher rates of overweight, less physical activity, more unhealthy eating, and more smoking than in many other European countries. Aim: This thesis explores how Greenlandic high school students understand and talk about health to identify realistic opportunities for change and to develop a combined package of actions (a complex intervention) at a selected school. The goal is to support healthier habits and reduce risk factors for conditions like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Method: The study is a case study using two focus group interviews and 14 days of participant observation at a Greenlandic high school. A systematic literature review also informed the design of the intervention. The work drew on Erving Goffman’s ideas about how social situations and interactions shape behavior and meaning. Results: Students viewed health as healthy eating, physical activity, moderate stress levels, and close relationships. Many bought and ate unhealthy foods at school, and many smoked at a centrally located smoking shelter, where the social aspect was important. Based on these findings and prior studies, a complex intervention was developed focused on improving diet and reducing smoking in everyday school life. Conclusion: The proposed intervention can help change students’ health behaviors. It should include activities that reduce smoking and promote healthier food choices, with attention to social dynamics and changes to the school environment and rules (a structural prevention strategy) to reach as many students as possible. There is also potential for later efforts addressing stress, more physical activity, and better information about available school activities. Other Greenlandic high schools may find the intervention useful for inspiration.

[Dette resumé er genereret ved hjælp af AI]

Socialkonstruktivisme ; Grønland ; Gymnasieelever ; En kompleks intervention ; Sundhedsfremme ; Forandringsperspektiv

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Madsen, Sofie Braüner:

• Greenlandic high school students perceptions of health – Development of a complex intervention in a health-promoting change perspective (2017)

Hounsgård, Katrine:

• Greenlandic high school students perceptions of health – Development of a complex intervention in a health-promoting change perspective (2017)

Andreasen, Maria Aagaard:

• Greenlandic high school students perceptions of health – Development of a complex intervention in a health-promoting change perspective (2017)