Grønlandske gymnasieelevers betydningsdannelse af sundhed – Udvikling af en kompleks intervention i et sundhedsfremmende forandringsperspektiv

Greenlandic high school students perceptions of health – Development of a complex intervention in a health-promoting change perspective

Madsen, Sofie Braüner ; Hounsgård, Katrine ; Andreasen, Maria Aagaard

4. semester

Folkesundhedsvidenskab, Kandidat

2017

2017-06-07

181

Baggrund: Blandt grønlandske unge ses flere tegn på øget risiko for hjerte-kar-sygdomme og diabetes. Der er mere overvægt, mindre fysisk aktivitet og et større indtag af usund mad. Sammenlignet med resten af Europa spiser unge i Grønland mindst frugt og grønt og ryger mest. Formål: Specialet undersøger, hvordan gymnasieelever i Grønland forstår og tillægger sundhed betydning, for at finde realistiske muligheder for forandring og udvikle en kompleks intervention (en pakke af sammenhængende tiltag) på et udvalgt gymnasium, der kan forbedre sundhedsadfærden og reducere risikofaktorer. Metode: Et casestudie med to fokusgruppeinterviews og 14 dages deltagerobservation på gymnasiet, suppleret af et systematisk litteraturstudie. Teoretisk blev der arbejdet ud fra et konstruktivistisk-interaktionistisk perspektiv med begreber fra Erving Goffman for at forstå, hvordan elevernes idéer om sundhed formes i samspil med hinanden og skolens rammer. Resultater: Eleverne forbandt sundhed med sund kost, fysisk aktivitet, et moderat stressniveau og nære relationer. Mange købte og spiste usund mad på skolen, og mange røg ved et centralt placeret rygeskur, hvor det sociale fællesskab spillede en stor rolle. På baggrund af empiri og litteratur blev der udviklet en kompleks intervention med fokus på kost og rygning. Konklusion: Interventionen kan fremme adfærdsændringer ved at indeholde aktiviteter, der reducerer rygning og øger indtaget af sund mad i skoledagen. Tiltagene bør tage højde for sociale dynamikker og indebære ændringer i skolens miljø og rammer. For at nå flest elever bør interventionen udformes som en strukturel forebyggelsesstrategi. Der er også potentiale i at adressere stress, fremme mere fysisk aktivitet og give bedre information om skolens tilbud, hvilket kan indgå i senere indsatser. Andre grønlandske gymnasier kan hente inspiration i den udviklede intervention.

Background: Among young people in Greenland, cardio-metabolic risk factors are increasing. There is more overweight, less physical activity, and higher intake of unhealthy foods. Compared with the rest of Europe, Greenlandic youth eat the least fruit and vegetables and smoke the most. Aim: This thesis explores how Greenlandic high school students make sense of health to identify realistic opportunities for change and to design a complex intervention (a set of coordinated activities) at a selected school to improve health behaviors and reduce risk factors. Methods: A case study with two focus group interviews and 14 days of participant observation at the school, complemented by a systematic literature review. The study used a constructivist–interactionist perspective drawing on Erving Goffman to understand how students’ ideas about health are shaped through interactions and the school context. Results: Students associated health with healthy eating, physical activity, moderate stress, and close relationships. Many bought and ate unhealthy foods at school, and many smoked at a centrally located smoking shed where the social aspect was important. Based on the empirical data and literature, a complex intervention focusing on diet and smoking was developed. Conclusion: The intervention can support behavior change by including activities that reduce smoking and increase healthy food during the school day. Efforts should consider social dynamics and include changes to the school environment. To reach the most students, it should be designed as a structural prevention strategy. There is also potential to address stress, increase physical activity, and improve information about school offerings, which can guide later interventions. Other Greenlandic high schools may draw inspiration from the developed intervention.

[Dette resumé er genereret ved hjælp af AI]

Konstruktivistisk-interaktionisme, Grønland, gymnasieelever, en kompleks intervention, forandring, udvikling

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Madsen, Sofie Braüner:

• Greenlandic high school students perceptions of health – Development of a complex intervention in a health-promoting change perspective (2017)

Hounsgård, Katrine:

• Greenlandic high school students perceptions of health – Development of a complex intervention in a health-promoting change perspective (2017)

Andreasen, Maria Aagaard:

• Greenlandic high school students perceptions of health – Development of a complex intervention in a health-promoting change perspective (2017)