Grønlandske gymnasieelevers betydningsdannelse af sundhed – Udvikling af en kompleks intervention i et sundhedsfremmende forandringsperspektiv
Oversat titel
Greenlandic high school students perceptions of health – Development of a complex intervention in a health-promoting change perspective
Forfattere
Madsen, Sofie Braüner ; Hounsgård, Katrine ; Andreasen, Maria Aagaard
Semester
4. semester
Uddannelse
Udgivelsesår
2017
Afleveret
2017-06-07
Antal sider
181
Abstract
Baggrund: I Grønland ses flere risikofaktorer for hjerte-kar-sygdom og diabetes blandt unge, herunder mere overvægt, mindre fysisk aktivitet og et øget indtag af usund mad. Sammenlignet med unge i resten af Europa spiser grønlandske unge mindst frugt og grønt og ryger mest. Formål: Specialet undersøger, hvordan gymnasieelever i Grønland forstår og tillægger sundhed betydning for at finde mulige veje til forandring og derudfra udvikle en kompleks intervention på en udvalgt skole. Målet er at støtte sundere vaner og dermed reducere risikofaktorer. Metode: Studiet er et casestudie baseret på to fokusgruppeinterviews og 14 dages deltagerobservation på et gymnasium i Grønland, suppleret af et systematisk litteraturstudie. Der anlægges et konstruktivistisk-interaktionistisk perspektiv med begreber fra sociologen Erving Goffman for at forstå, hvordan elever skaber mening om sundhed gennem deres indbyrdes samspil og i skolens kontekst. Resultater: Eleverne forbandt sundhed med sund kost, fysisk aktivitet, et moderat stressniveau og nære relationer. Mange købte og spiste usunde fødevarer på skolen. En stor del af eleverne røg ved et centralt placeret rygeområde, hvor det sociale fællesskab havde betydning. På baggrund af empirien og litteraturen blev der udviklet en kompleks intervention, dvs. en samlet pakke af koordinerede tiltag, der især retter sig mod kost og rygning for at fremme sundere adfærd. Konklusion: Interventionen kan bidrage til ændret sundhedsadfærd og bør omfatte aktiviteter, der reducerer rygning og øger indtaget af sund mad i skoledagen. Tiltagene bør fokusere på det sociale aspekt og på at ændre skolens rammer. For at nå flest muligt bør interventionen udformes som en strukturel forebyggelsesstrategi, dvs. ændringer i skolens miljø og praksisser, som påvirker alle elever. Derudover blev der identificeret potentialer for senere indsatser om stress, mere fysisk aktivitet og bedre information om skolens aktivitetstilbud. Andre grønlandske gymnasier kan finde inspiration i den udviklede intervention.
Background: In Greenland, young people face rising risk factors for heart disease and diabetes, including more overweight, less physical activity, and higher intake of unhealthy foods. Compared with youth in the rest of Europe, Greenlandic youth eat the least fruit and vegetables and smoke the most. Aim: This thesis explores how Greenlandic high school students understand and give meaning to health, in order to identify opportunities for change and develop a complex intervention at one selected school. The goal is to support healthier habits and reduce risk factors. Methods: A case study based on two focus group interviews and 14 days of participant observation at a Greenlandic high school, supplemented by a systematic literature review. The study uses a constructivist–interactionist perspective, drawing on concepts from sociologist Erving Goffman, to understand how students create meanings about health through their interactions and within the school context. Findings: Students associated health with a healthy diet, physical activity, moderate stress levels, and close relationships. Many bought and ate unhealthy foods at school. A large share of students smoked at a centrally located designated smoking area, where socializing was important. Based on the empirical data and literature, a complex intervention was developed—meaning a coordinated package of actions—primarily targeting diet and smoking to promote healthier behavior. Conclusion: The intervention can contribute to behavior change and should include activities that reduce smoking and increase healthy food intake during the school day. Efforts should focus on the social dimension and on changing the school setting. To reach the most students, it should be designed as a structural prevention strategy, i.e., changes to the school environment and practices that affect everyone. Additional opportunities for later initiatives were identified regarding stress, more physical activity, and better information about available school activities. Other Greenlandic high schools can use the developed intervention as inspiration.
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Emneord
Andre projekter af forfatterne
Madsen, Sofie Braüner:
Hounsgård, Katrine:
Andreasen, Maria Aagaard: