Gender Mainstreaming: Equality Lost in translation?
Author
Bjørn Pedersen, Laila
Term
4. term
Publication year
2008
Pages
113
Abstract
This thesis examines whether gender mainstreaming in Danish development cooperation translates into tangible gender equality outcomes. Building on Denmark’s MDG3 initiative and Danida’s gender focus, it assesses the framing, implementation and effects in Agricultural Sector Programme Support (ASPS) and rural Water Supply and Sanitation (WSPS) in Uganda and Vietnam from 1995 onward. The study uses a comparative case design with mixed methods—surveys, statistics, interviews, field observations (2007/2008), and reviews of evaluations, sector studies and performance reports. The analysis finds that although Denmark is domestically reluctant to quotas and affirmative action, such practices are common in its aid, and gender mainstreaming is largely framed as Women in Development (WID) rather than Gender and Development (GAD). Without measures that challenge structural divisions of labour and prevailing social norms, equality gains were limited. Some progress emerged in agriculture, where new skills and demonstrable results gave women a recognized role as contributors, while in water and sanitation benefits were mainly reduced workloads and time, indirect health improvements, and, depending on how freed time was used, occasional financial and social gains.
Dette speciale undersøger, om kønsmainstreaming i dansk udviklingsbistand omsættes til konkrete ligestillingsresultater. Med udgangspunkt i Danmarks MDG3-initiativ og Danidas prioritering af køn gennemgås rammer, implementering og effekter i landbrugssektorstøtte (ASPS) og rural vandforsyning og sanitet (WSPS) i Uganda og Vietnam fra 1995 og frem. Undersøgelsen er et komparativt case-studie, der kombinerer kvantitative og kvalitative metoder, herunder spørgeskemaer, statistik, interviews, feltobservationer (2007/2008) samt evalueringer, sektorstudier og afrapporteringer. Analysen viser, at selv om Danmark nationalt er tilbageholdende med kvoter og positiv særbehandling, bruges sådanne tilgange ofte i udviklingssamarbejdet, og kønsmainstreaming er overvejende indrammet som Women in Development (WID) snarere end Gender and Development (GAD). Uden indsatser der udfordrer kønnede arbejdsdelinger og sociale normer er ligestillingsgevinsterne begrænsede. Der sås dog enkelte fremskridt i landbruget, hvor nye færdigheder og synlige resultater gav kvinder en anerkendt rolle som økonomiske bidragydere, mens vand og sanitet især gav lettelser i arbejdsbyrde og tidsforbrug, indirekte sundhedsforbedringer og i nogle tilfælde finansielle og sociale gevinster afhængigt af, hvordan den frigjorte tid blev anvendt.
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