Frequency Reserves in Future Power Systems
Author
Morelowski, Aleksander Adam
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2022
Submitted on
2022-11-07
Abstract
This thesis examines how high penetrations of renewable energy affect frequency stability in future power systems and whether a battery energy storage system can serve as a frequency reserve. A simple two-area grid is modeled in DIgSILENT PowerFactory with dynamic representations of synchronous generators, a wind turbine, a photovoltaic plant, and a battery energy storage system. Controls for coordinated primary and secondary frequency regulation are implemented and tested under scenarios including load increases, load drops, renewable generation variability, and increasing renewable penetration. The work focuses on inertial, primary, and secondary responses and the estimation of required reserves. The results reported in this excerpt indicate that higher renewable shares reduce system inertia and worsen frequency excursions, while a fast-acting battery storage can support frequency control and enhance stability. Quantitative outcomes are not provided in this excerpt, but the approach and test cases are outlined.
Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan høj integration af vedvarende energi påvirker frekvensstabiliteten i fremtidens elsystemer, og om et batterienergilager kan fungere som frekvensreserve. Et simpelt to-områdesystem modelleres i DIgSILENT PowerFactory med dynamiske modeller af synkrongeneratorer, en vindmølle, et solcelleanlæg og et batterienergilager. Styringer for koordineret primær og sekundær frekvensregulering implementeres og afprøves i scenarier med laststigning, lastfald og variabilitet i den vedvarende produktion, samt ved stigende VE-andel. Arbejdet fokuserer på inertial respons samt primær og sekundær respons og estimering af nødvendige reserver. Resultaterne indikerer, at øget VE-penetration reducerer systemets inerti og forværrer frekvensafvigelser, mens et batterienergilager som hurtigt reagerende reserve kan understøtte frekvenskontrol og forbedre stabiliteten. Der gives ikke kvantitative resultater i dette uddrag, men metoden og anvendte cases beskrives.
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