AAU Student Projects - visit Aalborg University's student projects portal
A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Europe à la carte: Denmark and the opt-out of JHA

Author

Term

4. term

Publication year

2018

Submitted on

Abstract

Denne afhandling undersøger, hvordan EU’s differentierede integration skaber barrierer for Danmark på området for retlige og indre anliggender (JHA) i lyset af det danske retsforbehold, med særlig vægt på samarbejdet om bekæmpelse af terrorisme. Det overordnede forskningsspørgsmål er: Hvordan indebærer differentieret integration forhindringer i JHA-området i det danske tilfælde? Studien er et enkelt casestudie, der kombinerer et sociologisk/konstruktivistisk perspektiv på europæisering (normer, interesser og identiteter) med begreber fra differentieret integration, især indbyrdes afhængighed og politisering. Empirien bygger på officielle udtalelser fra regeringen, dokumenter fra relevante myndigheder samt semistrukturerede interviews med et medlem af Folketingets Europaudvalg og repræsentanter fra dansk politi. Analysen peger på, at suverænitetsbekymringer og modstand mod at afgive beslutningskompetence til overnationale EU-institutioner holder Danmark udenfor dele af samarbejdet, hvilket reducerer landets indflydelse og vanskeliggør hurtig og effektiv håndtering af grænseoverskridende sikkerhedstrusler. Særligt begrænset adgang til visse Europol-instrumenter og -databaser illustrerer dette. Resultaterne tolkes som udtryk for EU’s horisontale interne differentiering: høj indbyrdes afhængighed gør samarbejdet nødvendigt, mens politisering gør dybere integration omstridt. Danmark konvergerer dermed med andre medlemsstater på nogle områder, men ikke fuldt ud i JHA.

This thesis examines how the European Union’s differentiated integration creates barriers for Denmark in the field of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) given Denmark’s opt‑out, with a particular focus on counter‑terrorism cooperation. The central research question is: How does differentiated integration entail obstacles in JHA in the case of Denmark? The study employs a single case study design, combining a sociological/constructivist lens on Europeanization (norms, interests, and identities) with concepts from differentiated integration, notably interdependence and politicization. The analysis draws on official government statements, documents from relevant authorities, and semi‑structured interviews with a member of the Danish Parliament’s European Affairs Committee and representatives of the Danish police. Findings indicate that sovereignty concerns and reluctance to transfer decision‑making to supranational EU bodies keep Denmark outside parts of the cooperation, reducing its influence and complicating rapid, effective responses to cross‑border security threats. Limited participation in certain Europol tools and databases exemplifies these constraints. The results are interpreted as a case of the EU’s horizontal internal differentiation: high interdependence makes cooperation necessary, while politicization makes deeper integration contested. Denmark thus converges with other member states in some areas, but not fully in JHA.

[This summary has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project (PDF)]