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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Do High ESG Scores Lead to Improved Investment Performance?

Author

Term

4. semester

Publication year

2024

Abstract

This master’s thesis examines whether portfolios of highly rated ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) companies deliver superior investment performance in the U.S. equity market, focusing on the S&P 500 from 2019 to 2023. It tests three hypotheses: that high-ESG portfolios earn higher returns than low-ESG portfolios, that they offer better risk-adjusted performance measured by Sharpe and Treynor ratios, and that ESG ratings affect sectors differently. Using historical data from FactSet and ESG ratings including Sustainalytics, the study constructs high- and low-ESG portfolios and sector portfolios, evaluates excess returns and Sharpe/Treynor ratios, and applies t-tests and asset-pricing models (Fama-French and Carhart). The findings indicate that low-ESG portfolios generally outperform high-ESG portfolios in both annual excess returns and risk-adjusted metrics, and also tend to outperform the S&P 500. Sector analysis reveals notable variation in ESG–performance links, particularly in healthcare and information technology. These results challenge the assumption that higher ESG scores inherently yield better financial outcomes and highlight the need for investors to account for sector-specific effects and differences in rating methodologies across ESG providers.

Denne kandidatopgave undersøger, om porteføljer med høje ESG-vurderinger (Environmental, Social og Governance) giver bedre investeringsresultater i det amerikanske aktiemarked, med fokus på S&P 500 i perioden 2019–2023. Tre hypoteser testes: at høje ESG-porteføljer opnår højere afkast end lave ESG-porteføljer, at de leverer bedre risikojusterede afkast målt ved Sharpe- og Treynor-ratioer, og at ESG-vurderinger påvirker sektorer forskelligt. Med historiske data fra FactSet og ESG-ratings fra bl.a. Sustainalytics samt performance-mål som overskudsafkast, Sharpe- og Treynor-ratioer, suppleret af t-tests og faktormodeller (Fama-French og Carhart), konstrueres og evalueres høj- og lav-ESG porteføljer samt sektorporteføljer. Resultaterne viser, at porteføljer med lave ESG-vurderinger generelt overgår høje ESG-porteføljer både i årlige overskudsafkast og risikojusterede afkast og desuden ofte slår S&P 500. Sektoranalyserne peger på markante forskelle i sammenhængen mellem ESG og afkast, særligt inden for sundhed og informationsteknologi. Fundene udfordrer antagelsen om, at højere ESG automatisk giver bedre finansiel performance, og understreger, at investorer bør tage højde for sektorafhængige effekter og forskelle i ratingmetoder på tværs af ESG-udbydere.

[This apstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]