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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
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Dilemmas of Energy Crisis - focus on short-term and long-term energy planning

Translated title

Energikrisens dilemmaer - fokus på kortsigtet og langsigtet planlægning

Author

Term

4. Term

Publication year

2023

Submitted on

Pages

80

Abstract

This thesis examines how energy crises influence renewable energy (RE) development in the short and long term, and how insights from past and the current crisis can inform strategic energy planning in Denmark. Drawing on energy planning theory, short-term aspects are assessed using Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE) and abatement cost calculations, while long-term aspects are analyzed with EnergyPLAN modeling. Photovoltaics (PV) are the focal technology because the EU Emergency Regulation during the current crisis prioritizes rapid PV deployment. The primarily conceptual and theoretical findings are validated through semi-structured interviews with key sector actors. Results indicate that stand-alone PV is among the cheapest RE options in the short term, but a high PV share without adequate system integration can lead to low utilization of electricity in the long term. Experience from the 1970s oil crises and the present situation highlights that combining planning approaches and pursuing both short- and long-term goals strengthens RE development, and that expansion should be prepared before crises, as planning scope and tools are constrained during acute response. Three critical trends identified in the current crisis are a fallback to oil in industry, overly rapid district heating expansion without national frameworks and targets, and prioritization of PV based on short-term economics without long-term system sustainability. The thesis points to the need for a diversified technology mix and clear national frameworks so that short-term crisis actions support, rather than undermine, the 100% RE objective. The findings serve as a starting point for further investigation and should be considered in strategic energy planning.

Specialet undersøger, hvordan energikriser påvirker udviklingen af vedvarende energi (VE) på kort og lang sigt, og hvordan erfaringer fra tidligere og den aktuelle krise kan bruges i strategisk energiplanlægning i Danmark. Med udgangspunkt i energiplanlægningsteori vurderes kortsigtede forhold via beregninger af Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE) og reduktionsomkostninger (abatement costs), mens langsigtede forhold analyseres med EnergyPLAN-modellering. Fotovoltaik (PV) er valgt som fokus, fordi EU’s nødforordning under den nuværende krise fremmer hurtig udrulning af PV. De overvejende konceptuelle og teoretiske resultater kvalificeres gennem semistrukturerede interviews med nøgleaktører. Analysen peger på, at enkeltstående solcelleanlæg er blandt de billigste VE-teknologier kortsigtet, men at en stor PV-andel uden tilstrækkelig systemintegration kan føre til lav udnyttelse af elproduktionen på langt sigt. Erfaringer fra 1970’ernes oliekriser og den aktuelle situation understreger, at en kombination af planlægningstilgange samt samtidige kort- og langsigtede mål styrker VE-udviklingen, og at udbygning bør forberedes før kriser, da planlægningsrum og værktøjer er begrænsede under akutte indsatser. Tre kritiske udviklinger identificeres i den nuværende krise: tilbageslag til olie i industrien, for hurtig fjernvarmeudbygning uden nationale rammer og mål, samt prioritering af PV ud fra kortsigtet økonomi uden langtidsholdbar systemintegration. Specialet fremhæver behovet for et differentieret teknologimiks og klare nationale rammer, så kortsigtede kriseløsninger understøtter – og ikke underminerer – målet om 100% VE. Resultaterne bør ses som et afsæt for videre undersøgelse og inddrages i strategisk energiplanlægning.

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Keywords