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A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from Listed Firms in Denmark

Author

Term

4. semester

Publication year

2026

Abstract

This thesis investigates the firm-level determinants of capital structure for listed non-financial companies in Denmark over 2014–2024. Recognizing that the mix of debt and equity is central to firm value, risk, and the cost of capital, the study addresses the limited evidence available for small open economies such as Denmark. Using firm-level data from FactSet, it examines how leverage relates to profitability, firm size, asset tangibility, growth opportunities, and liquidity. Panel regression techniques are employed—pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects—with robust standard errors to address heteroskedasticity, and the Hausman test guides model selection. The results indicate that capital structure decisions among Danish listed firms are significantly shaped by firm-specific factors, broadly consistent with classical frameworks including the trade-off and pecking-order theories. The study provides updated country-specific evidence for Denmark and offers practical insights for managers and policymakers in a Nordic institutional setting.

Dette speciale undersøger, hvilke firmaspecifikke forhold der bestemmer kapitalstrukturen i børsnoterede ikke-finansielle virksomheder i Danmark i perioden 2014–2024. Med udgangspunkt i, at valget mellem gæld og egenkapital er centralt for værdi, risiko og kapitalomkostninger, adresserer studiet den begrænsede evidens for små, åbne økonomier som Danmark. Ved hjælp af firmadata fra FactSet analyseres sammenhængen mellem gældsgrad og rentabilitet, virksomhedsstørrelse, aktivernes håndgribelighed (tangibilitet), vækstmuligheder og likviditet. Der anvendes panelregressioner (pooleret OLS, faste effekter og tilfældige effekter) med robuste standardfejl for at håndtere heteroskedasticitet, og den passende modelspecifikation vurderes med Hausman-testen. Resultaterne viser, at kapitalstrukturbeslutninger i danske børsnoterede virksomheder i væsentlig grad påvirkes af firmaspecifikke faktorer, i overensstemmelse med klassiske teorier som trade-off-teorien og pecking order-teorien. Studiet bidrager med opdateret landspecifik evidens for Danmark og giver praktiske indsigter til virksomhedsledere og beslutningstagere i en nordisk institutionel kontekst.

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