AAU Student Projects - visit Aalborg University's student projects portal
A master's thesis from Aalborg University
Book cover


Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Metrics: A Study of ESG Ratings and Profitability

Author

Term

4. semester

Publication year

2024

Submitted on

Abstract

This thesis examines whether stronger CSR engagement translates into better financial outcomes by analyzing S&P 500 companies from 2020–2023. CSR is measured using MSCI ESG Ratings, and financial performance is assessed via return on equity (ROE), net profit margin (NPM), and earnings per share (EPS). To provide financial context, total assets (firm size) and the leverage ratio are included as controls. Using multiple regression models and thorough diagnostic tests, the study finds a small, marginally significant positive association between ESG ratings and EPS, but no significant relationship with ROE or NPM. Leverage shows a significant negative effect on ROE, while firm size has negligible effects across models. These results suggest CSR alone is not a dependable driver of profitability and that ESG efforts are most effective when paired with sound financial risk management. The study adds to the debate by explicitly incorporating size and leverage and offers practical guidance for firms seeking to balance sustainability with profitability.

Denne afhandling undersøger, om virksomheder med stærkere CSR-indsats opnår bedre finansielle resultater, ved at analysere S&P 500-selskaber i perioden 2020–2023. CSR måles ved MSCI ESG Ratings, mens finansiel performance vurderes med egenkapitalforrentning (ROE), nettomargin (NPM) og indtjening pr. aktie (EPS). For at sætte resultaterne i kontekst indgår virksomhedsstørrelse (samlede aktiver) og gældsgrad som kontrolvariable. Ved hjælp af multiple regressionsanalyser og grundige diagnostiske tests finder studiet, at ESG-rating har en svagt positiv, marginalt signifikant sammenhæng med EPS, men ingen signifikant sammenhæng med ROE eller NPM. Gældsgrad har derimod en signifikant negativ effekt på ROE, mens virksomhedsstørrelse har ubetydelige effekter på tværs af modellerne. Resultaterne indikerer, at CSR i sig selv ikke er en pålidelig drivkraft for rentabilitet, og at ESG-indsatser bør kobles med solid finansiel risikostyring. Studiet bidrager til den igangværende debat ved eksplicit at medtage størrelse og gældsgrad og giver praktiske indsigter til virksomheder, der ønsker at balancere bæredygtighed med lønsomhed.

[This apstract has been generated with the help of AI directly from the project full text]