Coordinated Frequency and Active Power Control of Hybrid Power Plants: An Approach to Fast Frequency Response
Author
Vazquez Pombo, Daniel
Term
4. term
Education
Publication year
2018
Submitted on
2018-05-31
Abstract
Efterhånden som mere el kommer fra vedvarende energikilder, der er koblet på nettet via effektelektronik, falder elnettets mekaniske inerti – den “vægt”, der modstår hurtige ændringer i frekvensen. Det øger risikoen for forstyrrelser og strømafbrydelser. Denne afhandling gennemgår og analyserer de nyeste metoder til at begrænse disse risici. Den beskriver strategier for effekt- og frekvensregulering og går i dybden med de udfordringer, der opstår, når andelen af vedvarende energi bliver stor. Derudover analyseres tidligere og mulige fremtidige scenarier for de europæiske elnet. Efter at have præsenteret et hybridt kraftværk (bestående af en vindmøllepark, et solcelleanlæg og et batterilagringssystem) foreslås en styringsmetode, der efterligner den inertielle respons fra synkrongeneratorer – store roterende maskiner i konventionelle kraftværker. Metoden testes i et simuleringsmiljø. Resultaterne viser, at ved at efterligne inerti kan vedvarende anlæg støtte frekvensstabiliteten under kritiske hændelser uden uønskede belastninger og derved opføre sig på en måde, der ligner synkrongeneratorer. Afhandlingen afslutter med de vigtigste resultater og forslag til fremtidig forskning.
As more electricity comes from renewable sources connected through power electronics, the grid’s mechanical inertia—the “weight” that resists rapid changes in frequency—declines. This raises the risk of disturbances and blackouts. This thesis reviews and analyzes state-of-the-art methods to reduce these risks. It describes power and frequency control strategies and examines the challenges that arise when renewable energy reaches high shares. It also looks at past and possible future scenarios for European grids. After introducing a hybrid power plant made up of a wind farm, a photovoltaic (solar) plant, and a battery energy storage system, the thesis proposes a control method that imitates the inertial response of synchronous generators—large spinning machines in conventional power plants. The method is tested in a simulation environment. The results show that by emulating inertia, renewable plants can support frequency stability during critical events without causing undesirable stress, achieving behavior similar to synchronous generators. The thesis concludes with key findings and directions for future research.
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